Library System Essay

AMA student Kariz Reinalyn B. Galano (et.al. Don Ricardo C. Lazaro, Rozmaigne Ann L. Sebastian, Kevin Patrick E. Viesca) (2012) cited in their approved thesis proposal at present ACLC has three hundred sixty five students enrolled. The institution is currently using a manual system in their Library and has weak security. Students can borrow books but need to return it within 5 school days. There is no proper monitoring on books being returned. There are no penalties imposed to the students as well. The only way the librarian will find out if there are still pending books not returned is during the end of semester at the inventory period. The librarian then will not sign the clearance of the students who failed to return the books. Another problem is the list of inventory of books. The students need to go and ask for the librarian’s assistance in order for them to search for the books. Karen Foss (2010), Library Director of the Catawba County Library System in Newton, North Carolina has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new public library managers cultivate their professional development. Most of the research and writings on library management have focused on academic libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the administration of public libraries. The skill and style of public library managers – the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions – strongly affects the culture of a public library. Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the rapid changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service. Contemporary library managers need a wider array of skills and attributes than their earlier and more traditional counterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century. These managers will also need to distinguish between management and leadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can assist in the transition. According to Alvin javelosa (2011) library is a collection of books, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. The term â€Å"library† has itself acquired a secondary meaning: â€Å"a collection of useful material for common use,† and in this sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics and biology. this study will help the library personnel or the librarian in monitoring the books accurately. Further, the use of cataloguing will be made easier through an advance system provided by this study. The librarian is encountering problems in doing transactions like borrowing books, checking the availability of books, returning and accessioning of books because all the transactions are being done manually. The process is time consuming. This proposed system will provide their library a computerized system making it more organized and easy to access. The advantage of this study is to make their current system more effective and efficient. This computerized library system is a transaction processing system (TPS) that will provide a convenient cataloguing, inventory, monitoring, accessioning, borrowing, returning, security and retrieving of records. According to Mohd Fairuz Anwar Bin Mahadi (2005), The Library management system will store all the books and members information that consist book number, book title, author name and racks to the system database. The system also provides search function to help students find the book by number of book. Search functions will search through the books database to look for the book and view where the book is situated. For the administrator user, only librarians have access to view or edit data from the system databases. Administrator user will handle administrative functions such create new LMS user account and decide the number of days allowed for the borrowed books. User needs to enter correct password and user id before user can access this function. From here, user can add, delete or update the book and borrower database. (http://library.utem.edu.my/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=3761&Itemid=208) According to Donna M. Salinas (2010) Library is the best place in the school where the students review and study. It is the place where students study so our group aims to improve the manual operation of the library system. We thought of something that makes the time of students and library personnel decreases for searching and borrowing of books. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/56632694/library-system) Related Studies: According to Shelagh (2001) Fisher library management system is becoming marginalized in the context of ICT developments currently taking place within the library sector because suppliers have failed to keep up with such developments, or have been more concerned with keeping up with the changes in the core functions. The aim of this research, therefore, was to determine the feasibility of developing and disseminating a model system specification which could be used to assist and guide libraries in the procurement of library management systems. The premise was that if a core set of requirements for library management systems, as articulated by purchasing libraries, could be identified, it followed that it would be feasible to develop a model specification or ‘toolkit’ on which procuring libraries could draw. Identification of a potential core set of requirements could be identified primarily by undertaking analyses of specifications produced by libraries for the tendering process in acquiring a library management system. Thus forty-one specifications were collected from libraries which had recently acquired a library management system, and these were subjected to various levels of analysis. The results are reported in Section 4. Secondly, it was decided that as library system suppliers were in receipt of large numbers of specifications produced by procuring library authorities they were in a strong position to comment on the feasibility, and desirability, of developing a model specification. Thus, a survey of UK system suppliers was undertaken to determine the collective view of suppliers on the role, content, quality and usefulness of the specification as a procurement tool. The results of the survey are reported in Section 5. A detailed account of the methods used in this Study is provided in Section 3. The next section (Section 2) provides a review of the literature on the role and content of specifications, and identifies weaknesses in approaches to producing specifications for the purchase of library systems. (et.al. Rachel Delbridge, Sià ¢n Lambert) (http://www.cerlim.ac.uk/projects/harmonise/harmonise.pdf) According to Veronica Adamson (2008) Changes in society and technology are impacting significantly on UK HE libraries and consequently on their management systems. Demographic changes, political and economic drivers are affecting university services and funding structures, and a ‘new realism’ of pragmatic economic and business considerations presides. (JISC & SCONUL LMS Study Report, March 2008) Library management systems have developed in response to technical advances and user requirements, mainly in developing electronic interfaces, refining standards and access protocols, purchasing and acquisition processes and cataloguing systems. Increasing globalization of goods, services and communities means that technical platforms are now developed on an international basis and implemented for a worldwide network of users and contributors. A new market for library services and information provision has emerged, with Google and Amazon as a de facto paradigm and metaphor for di scovery and delivery. Perceptions of the role and function of the university library are changing, developing and often conflicting, particularly in relation to the provision for collection and circulation, resource discovery, ownership and control, personalization and seamless access to resources. Enhancing usability and accessibility for an increasingly diverse user community is of increasing importance for libraries. Today’s library users expect speed and immediacy of information discovery, one-stop access to aggregated services, user-generated open content, and personalized, workflow-related delivery to the desktop. (et.al. Paul Bacsich, Ken Chad, David Kay, Jane Plenderleith) (http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/programmes/resourcediscovery/lmsstudy.pdf) According to Herrera C Rocio (1987) the work habits of users in any activity requiring information, the importance they attach to obtaining it and the facilities at their disposal, their knowledge of these facilities, their assessment of their value and the possibility of their obtaining what they are looking for are the factors that affect user behaviour in the quest for information. The behaviour of the users of university libraries specifically is affected, in addition to the above factors, by others directly related to the university environment, such as teaching methods and the type of education provided. The country’s education system is a teaching-learning process largly consisting in an essentially repetitive pattern in which the student consumes and reproduces the concepts transmitted by the teacher. This model is mainly based on the university lecture system, in which the teacher simply gives a course of study and provides the pupil with a brief bibliography consisti ng basically of texts. The result has been that education has not become a critical and creative process and library resources have accordingly been under-utilized. As regards the response to the information services provided by university libraries, it can be said that research workers do not use the services properly since the role of the library as an agent for the transfer of information has been disregarded in the research process, this type of user tending to acquire information through informal channels of communication, such as personal contacts with other colleagues. In its turn, the library has neglected its task as a constituent part of the research enterprise, forgetting that one of the priorities of the university, in addition to its teaching role, is that of research, which is the source of much knowledge of benefit not only to the university but also to the community in general. The university library should pay special attention to ascertaining not only the specific information needs of each type of user but also user behaviour patterns in the information retrieval process, in order that these needs may be met and the factors responsible for the non-use of the library restricted to a minimum. This will be achieved through an appropriate methodology for conducting user studies, which will then provide guidelines for the organization of user training or instruction courses aimed at the various groups. These courses will influence the future response of users to information services. Since user behaviour in the information retrieval process determines the level of library-user interaction, continual monitoring by the librarian of changes in that behaviour is necessary. These changes are dependent not only on information needs but also on the possible impact of the introduction of new services. This shows that, over and above the matter of training in the use of library resources, user behaviour presents a number of special features, largely reflecting the fact that the information needs of those concerned are not well defined and that their request for information are consequently vague and very general. It follows that library staff should bear in mind their active role in promoting and publicizing their services and resources since, despite the continual emphasis placed on the role of information in development, it has been shown that users tend to dispense with non-essential information, the usual practice being to rely on memory, to evade the problem or to solve it with vague or incomplete information. However, it should not be overlooked that there is another group of users who consult libraries actively and effectively in order to satisfy their information needs; although accessibility influences the use that they make of resources, the most important thing for this group is their confidence and faith in the information system. (c Loreto M. Libia and Rua R. Ivan) (http://www.unesco.org/webworld/ramp/html/r8722e/r8722e0l.htm) According Neelakdan,B (2010) a sincere attempt has been made towards finding out ways and means for automating activities in the School of Chemistry Library. The objective of this study is to use the Koha Open Source software system for the automation of the major day ­ to ­day activities of the various section of the School of Chemistry Library, which is tiresome and cumbersome. After the investigation, the researcher has found that Koha Software is more suitable for the library Automation. This project had the basic objective of designing a bibliographic database for the School of Chemistry library, with which the automation of circulation routines is carried out. From this point of view it may be concluded that Koha is a useful package for the creation of a database and for information retrieval. This set of Manuals for the automation of circulation section is tested with the database created from the collection of chemistry department library. A sample database for a few thousand works and a database of the users/borrowers are created. With that test sample the Manuals for each function of the circulation section is tested with the available computer system. Koha is an integrated software system with all the required models for small to very large libraries. It is found that this automation projects will serve as a model for any library. (http://www.ipublishing.co.in/jarvol1no12010/EIJAER1014.pdf) According to Dio P. Doble (2011) A college strengthens its educational level through the advancement of its library. The Botolan Community College Computerized Library System aimed to enhance the procedures of the library, from manually operated to a computerized system. This proposal’s purpose was to ease the transactions in the library, i,e., leading of books, storing of books, search engine for books, manage members of the library and secure the library system. The librarian and the library users still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for reading and reference materials. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/99431218/Computerized-Library-System)

Food & Beverage Operations Management Essay

FOOD PRODUCTION It is a process of preparing food in which raw materials are transformed into ready-to-eat food products for human consumption in the home or in any food processing industries. Food production can be classified into various types which are: traditional, centralized, batch cooking, call order, Assembly cooking, sous-vide, cook-chill, cook-freeze. Traditional Cooking. It is the simple and fast way to cook food. This cooking is done mostly in clay pots as per our tradition. Cooking in clay pots maintains moisture, keeps food warm for hours and the flavor of the food is unique. Centralized. Centralized cooking is done in large kitchen units that have the capacity to cook up to 100,000 meals. This kitchen serves a set of schools, orphanages, etc†¦located around the unit. 3. Batch Cooking. In this, the cooking is done in large batches in advance to save time so that the work is done in speed on weekdays. 4. Call Order. It is produced specifically when someone requests the item so that the item can be made as per the desire of the customer. Most of the fast-food corners have adopted this method of cooking. 5. Assembly Cooking. It is also known as bulk cooking. It means cooking in advance which is then stored in the freezer for up to 2-3 days which can be cooked later and consume by the customers. It is a time-saving technique. 6. Sous-Vide. It is a method of cooking in which food is vacuum-sealed in a plastic pouch and placed in a water bath for longer than normal cooking times. 7. Cook-Chill. In this, the food is cooked and then chilled to 3 degrees C in a central kitchen. It preserves food for up to 4 days before it is reheated for eating. 8. Cook-Freeze. In this, the food is cooked and then frozen to -20 degrees C in a central kitchen. It preserves food for up to 8 weeks before it is reheated for eating. CITATION Loc l 2057 (Locus Assignments)Food and Beverage Service Systems. CITATION Sky l 2057 (Sky City Careers)There are mainly 5 categories of service which includes: 1. Table Service It is a style of food service where the diner sits at the table and the food is served by a waiter/waitress. This is the oldest form of service. This following service comes under this category: English Service French Service Silver Service American Service Russian Service Guerdon Service Snack Bar Service 2. Assisted Service In this category, the guest enters in the dining area and helps himself to the food from a buffet counter. This category of service includes only Buffet Service. 3. Self-Service In this type of service, the guest enters in the dining area, selects his own tray or from the food counter and carries food by himself to his seating place. This category includes Cafeteria Service. 4. Single Point Service In this category, the guest orders pay for his order and get served all at a single point. This following service comes under this category:- Take-Away Service Vending Machine Food Courts Kiosks 5. Specialized Service In this category, the guest is served at the place, which is not meant or designated for food & beverage service like guest rooms. This following service comes under this category:- Tray Service Grill Room Service Trolley Service Home-Delivery Lounge Service Room Service 1.2. DISCUSS FACTORS AFFECTING RECIPES AND MENUS FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS Factors affecting recipes and menus for specific systems are: Size of operation Objectives of the operation Quality of the operation Nature of the menu Quality of customers The budget of the customers Customer needs Availability of resources CITATION Loc l 2057 (Locus Assignments)1.3. Compare the cost and staffing implications for different systems. Self-service outlets and vending machines Costs implications -Food served is mostly made of readily available low-cost raw materials. Only minor storage requirements. Staff implications-Very low costs. Few or no kitchen staff at all. Service can be managed by one unskilled person. Cafeteria, pubs, bars and buffet services Costs implications- Low service costs. Food costs depending upon the business aims. Staff implications – Skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled kitchen and service staff. Fewer employees than table service restaurants. Restaurants(English and American table service) Costs implications – Ranging from low to high-quality production, material, and storage costs according to quality level of an outlet. Staff implications- Combining high-skilled and less-skilled assistants will help keep costs down. Restaurants (French and Russian table service), Gourmet restaurants, high-level event catering. Costs implications – High-quality raw materials, often seasonal ingredients. Staff implications – High-skilled kitchen and service staff. CITATION Nel l 2057 (Nelson College London)1.4. Justify the suitability of systems for particular food and beverage outlets. IN-FLIGHT CATERING CITATION runs l 2057 (RUS)TRAY SERVICE is done in airlines because of the following factors:- There is no place for the kitchen in flights. It is easy to serve. It is more hygienic. It takes less effort by the service staff. There are disposable utensils which are easy to clear. TASK 2; 2.1Discuss the use of financial statements in food and beverage operations. 2.2Demonstrate the use of cost and pricing processes. 2.3Analyze the purchasing processes. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT RECORD SHEET Programme Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND in Hospitality Management Learner Name Keerti Krishna Ratnala Assessor Name Mr. Osden Dias Unit No. & Title Unit 5: Food & Beverage Operations Management. Target Learning Aims Assignment No. & Title To understand different food & beverage production and service systems with financial controls used in food & beverage operations. Issue Date Interim Submission Date Final Submission Date Target criteria Criteria Achieved Final Assessment Comments Summative comments Resubmission authorization* Resubmission Date: * All resubmissions must be authorized. Only 1 resubmission is possible per assignment. Assessor Signature Date: Learner comments Learner Signature sd1719hndh_keerti@ragc.in Date: INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS Programme title Pearson BTEC Level 5 HND in Hospitality Management Assessor Mr. Osden Dias Internal Verifier Unit(s) Unit 5: Food & Beverage Operations Management. Assignment title To understand different food & beverage production and service systems with financial controls used in food & beverage operations. Learner’s name Keerti Krishna Ratnala List which assessment and grading criteria the assessor has awarded. Pass Merit Distinction INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST Comments Do the assessment criteria awarded match those targeted by the assignment brief? Y/N Has the work been assessed accurately? Y/N Is the feedback to the learner: Constructive? Linked to relevant assessment and grading criteria? Identifying opportunities for improved performance? Agreeing actions? Y/N Does the assessment decision need amending? Y/N Assessor signature Date Internal Verifier signature Date Lead Internal Verifier signature (if required) Date Confirm action completed Remedial action is taken Assessor signature Date Internal Verifier signature Date Lead Internal Verifier signature (if required) Date

Article Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Article Review - Research Paper Example The author clearly states an explicit thesis and has a specific point of view; the impact of juvenile drug courts on drug use and criminal behavior. What prompted the researchers to carry out this study is that there is very limited literature that supports the effectiveness of the juvenile drug courts (JDC). Therefore, the study was aimed to fill in the gap on the effectiveness of JDCs. The audiences for the article include criminal justice agencies, teachers, parents, young children and youths, psychologists, law enforcement agents, and medical practitioners. The article is organized into an abstract, introduction, study objectives, methodology, results, discussion and analysis, and conclusion. The article’s abstract provides a summary of the study. The juvenile drug courts have adopted the models together with philosophy of courts for adults, however, their successes in bringing down drug addiction together with juvenile deliquency have been mixed. The research study made comparisons on juvenile drug courts with youths receiving standard probation on alcohol and other drugs to criminal re-offences 3 to 30 months after the youths had served the juvenile drug court’s probation. The study uses a quasi-experimental design. The participants included youth who participated in either probation (596) or JDC (622) between 2003 and 2007. The study results found out that probation and JDC youth did not differ significantly on alcohol and other drugs offending. Contrarily, the JDC juveniles had statistically significant fewer delinque nt crimes in contrast to those on probation, with the difference between the groups widening with extended follow-up periods. The authors start by providing a background information on JDCs. This enables the readers to have a background knowledge of the study. Various interventions have been used to address juvenile delinquency. The most common strategy in the juvenile justice system is punishment that is

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Research - Essay Example violence or acting out.   Because these effects within the children have a strong potential to be carried into the next generation as well as to impact the public health, it is necessary for the social worker to learn how to recognize these signs and develop means of providing the children with the needed elements they are missing within the home.   While this seems a nearly impossible task without the investment of vast resources and time into each family unit, there are some tools and practices that may help.   It is the purpose of this study to examine the prevalence of these issues within society and to illustrate the importance of understanding on the part of the social worker in bringing about positive effective change within the home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems to be almost common knowledge that substance abuse/misuse can have serious detrimental effects on the care and raising of children within the home where one or both parents are involved in substance abuse activity.   The tendency of this thinking holds that all children living within homes in which substances are used or abused are the victims of domestic violence.   However, children living in these types of situations may not have any experience at all with the concept of violence within the home. But they may definitely have numerous other issues to deal with as a result of neglect or other forms of abuse.   Parents engaging in substance abuse are least likely to have enough time or attention to provide their children with the necessary skills and attention they require in order to thrive while the parents may also be spending much-needed time and money away from the home as a means of supporting their habit.   Children living in this sort of environment may find themselves needing to survive without adequate clothing, food or housing. In fact, they are of thrust into such situations that they find no other way but to raise themselves without the benefit of proper parental guidance or support.  

Individual Case for Taxation Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual for Taxation - Case Study Example In joint tax return, there are deductions for itemized and standard deductions from adjusted gross income. Standard deductions are income amounts that non-itemizers subtract from their contributed income basing on the filing status. The examples of such deductions are medical expenses, charitable contributions, home mortgage interest and property taxes. Itemized deductions are deductions from the taxpayer’s gross income for money spent on goods and services throughout the year. The deductions convert taxable income into non-taxable income that one spends on various taxes privileged items. The examples of such itemized deductions are interest paid on investments, casualty and theft losses, hobby expenses and cash contributions to charity and churches. A thorough examination of the items in the joint tax return reveals that the following items will be claimed: firstly, the real estate tax for example registration fees for motor will be claimed to convert the taxable amount to non taxable income. Moreover, interest margin paid on investments of the couple either jointly or separately is claimed (Genders 2013). Additionally, medical expenses for the betterment of couples’ life shall be accounted for in joint tax return to relieve them. Nevertheless, expenses and charitable contributions that are contributed by the couple will be claimed for deduction in the process of taxation. From the above calculation, 2013 has a better taxable income to the revenue authority because of the less personal exemptions deductions that are deducted from the adjusted gross income. For instance in the scenario in, we have taxable income of $102800 as compared to year 2014 where we have a taxable income of $ 102750. The effect is brought in by a decrease in the personal exemptions by $50. Other issues to be identified are: the age of the couple whether they are above 65 years or less. This helps in determination of the standard

Stem Cell Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Stem Cell Research - Essay Example Religious groups, specifically those against abortion and Pro-life activists are strongly against this procedure because of its moral implications like the lessening of giving value to the beginnings of life. Their stand is that getting cells from the embryo is similar to abortion. The issue was so pervasive that government supported embryonic stem cell research was banned by Pres. Bush in 2001. Private funding was however not banned and support for embryonic stem cell research from private companies continued. Scientists on the other hand, defend their motivations for doing research on human embryos as not merely a means to destroy life but to understand human functioning and development from the earliest form of human life which is the embryo (Jones). The ultimate aim of scientists in involving themselves in Stem Cell Research aside from knowing the essentials of human development is to find ways on how to improve human health. Embryonic stem cells may be the most controversial but there are still other sources of stem cells like cord blood, hair follicles, and baby teeth among others. There are two classifications of Stem cells namely; the embryonic stem cells and the adult stem cells. Various fields have recognized the effects of Stem Cell Research in their areas. One such field is the dental field. Tooth regeneration has been a bright prospect because of stem cells. The dental practice is not only instrumental to stem cell research as far as the teeth being sources of stem cells, but the dental field is also set to benefit from studies pertaining to the ability of stem cells to promote growth of teeth or to repair teeth. Regenerative Dentistry is an approach in... Scientists on the other hand, defend their motivations for doing research on human embryos as not merely a means to destroy life but to understand human functioning and development from the earliest form of human life which is the embryo (Jones). The ultimate aim of scientists in involving themselves in Stem Cell Research aside from knowing the essentials of human development is to find ways on how to improve human health. Embryonic stem cells may be the most controversial but there are still other sources of stem cells like cord blood, hair follicles, and baby teeth among others. There are two classifications of Stem cells namely; the embryonic stem cells and the adult stem cells. Various fields have recognized the effects of Stem Cell Research in their areas. One such field is the dental field. Tooth regeneration has been a bright prospect because of stem cells. The dental practice is not only instrumental to stem cell research as far as the teeth being sources of stem cells, but the dental field is also set to benefit from studies pertaining to the ability of stem cells to promote growth of teeth or to repair teeth. Regenerative Dentistry is an approach in dentistry that has emerged because of the findings in Stem Cell Research. Regenerative Dentistry deals with the gaining of knowledge in the genetic control of significant processes of teeth formation in the embryo with the purpose of recreating tooth development in the mouth of an adult (How to grow a tooth).

Marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing management - Essay Example This paper outlines the marketing objectives and analyzes the issues surrounding the sale of the Xbox 360. The Xbox 360 and the PS3 both share a very competitive market. To remain relevant in the gaming business, FashionStatementX needs to have a gadget that competes favorably with the other participating gadgets. Presently in the market, smartphones and tablets now use multiple core processors and graphic chips at higher speeds than before. Intel now uses chips that contain built-in graphics, longer battery life, and faster speeds. It is clear that every company is using advanced technology to survive the competitive software market. In a competitive market production of a product that beats the other competing product to ensure the survival in the market (McDonald, 2007: pg 45). The first marketing objective is to increase the market share of FashionStatementX by 10% per year for the next two years. Increasing the market share will increase the revenue generated in the end. The mar ket is currently very competitive with new gadgets penetrating the market daily (Lacher et al, 2004: pg 67). With an increase of revenue growth by 20% every year, the company will experience an increased market share in the country of 10% by the end of two years. To facilitate this increase, it is important to ensure that there is an improved online order of the gadgets. This is because a majority if the targeted customers purchase the gadgets online and make payments through PayPal and other online means of payments. An increase online order rate of 85% will see the achievement of the desired revenue growth in the end of two years. The addition of new customer accounts will generate at least $75000 in the end of the two years. With an increased market share of 10%, the company will be the leading gaming software with greater revenues after two years (Zichermann & Linder, 2010: pg 123). Another objective is developing and using new products in the development of more effective gamin g software. The FashionStatementX enjoys the use of modern and different type of technology as compared to its competitors. The use of hand and finger gesture is a unique technology that puts it above its competitors. In an environment of healthy competition, new products will improve FashionStatementX’s market value and expand relevance for the next two years. To better, the performance of FashionStatementX in the market, frequent upgrading, and use of new developed technology is important (Zichermann & Linder, 2010: pg 189). Therefore, the company intends to use 5% of the revenues generated to finance research and development of software that would help in achieving this. In addition, the company will work closely with other software developing companies to come up with new ideas that will improve the company’s performance in the market. The company intends to create a good company and customer relationship that aims at ensuring that the company meets the needs of th e customers. Interactions with the customers will increase since the company will encourage more customers to create accounts with the company. The accounts will create a direct platform in which the customers will interact freely with the company operatives (Bodnar & Cohen, 2011: pg 43). Through these accounts, the customer will share their experiences and to suggest ideas that will make the

Psychotherapies Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Psychotherapies - Thesis Example This is based on the fact that interactions in nature can help a person become rooted in their own ancestral, biological, innate self. A closer relationship with the natural world is like "coming home," and such interaction deconstructs the industrial and cultural self and brings the individual back to a closer understanding of essentials. People's desire for nature is linked not only to their direct exploitation of the environment, but also to the influence of the natural world on our emotions and spiritual predisposition. Edward Wilson (1984) suggested that human identity and progress depend on the relationship with nature. The hypothesis that he asserted is that the human propensity to affiliate with non -human living organisms is genetically based. Wilson's work in the field of biophilia provides a framework by which a new discipline can be mapped towards a more thorough understanding of the human relationship with nature. The background of ecotherapy is linked to theorists that include Carl Jung and reflect the variety of different types of ecotherapy and perceptions about their value. While there has been a considerable amount of research into ecotherapy and its impacts, the value of specific methods for ecotherapy has been at the center of debates in the therapeutic community. For example, supporters of human-pet therapies maintain that this method is valuable in bringing an individual into closer understanding of the natural world and the interrelation between man and animal. Critics, though, argue that humans sometimes seek out pets and humanize them, creating compliant little "people" instead of creating a relationship with nature (June McNicholas, et al. 2005; James Serpell, 2000). As a result, assessments of the existing methods for ecotherapy should be related through a view of the current literature, and should reflect both the supporters and critics of the different ecotherapy options. Severe environmental issues such as deforestation, tacitly suggest that we are losing our relationship with nature. In addition, oppressive economic conditions predispose people to be more susceptible to all sorts of distresses. Therefore, it will be argued in this paper that people must strengthen their relationship with nature and that this connection should be fully integrated as a therapeutic practice. The fundamental concept of ecotherapy and its therapeutic power states that in order for us to heal ourselves and reconnect to our inner voice, we have to reconnect to nature (Howard Clinebell, 1996).Establish the thesis statement. It is the primary thesis of this paper that people have the potential to overcome their personal distress. What is more, they can dissolve the defensive separation between spirit, mind, and body through the mutual connection between their inner values and the environment. Therefore, physical healing, psychological problem solving, and spiritual awareness can unite under one experience. Sophia Adamson and Ralph Metzner (1988) suggested that the Western societies usually deal with their psychological problems in a rational and socially beneficial way and stated that the traditional procedure follows a medical model that includes drug treatments administered on a regular schedule. The bond between doctor and patient is isolated and restricted.

Human resourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human resourse - Essay Example Greenway Industries has employed members of both the families and began to grow and made huge profits. Later some issues took place in the firm due to existing reporting process. One of the female members (Kate) in the family believed that male dominated operation will reduce her privileges. The firm has 45 female employees, most of whom work in lower-level clerical positions or on the assembly line. Practically none are in middle or senior or professional positions. Donna’s board membership stands out as an isolated example of female authority. Kate is the daughter of Bob’s and Donna, married to Peter who is the chief finance officer. Kate is not a board member and works in the company’s accounts section on a casual basis when her work at home allows. Kate worked in a big law firm that had enlightened policies in relation to its female workers. She believes that a wholehearted approach to the preparation of the Agency report is called for and her values would make some kind of tokenistic report unacceptable. Kate has begun an informal campaign—mostly through some gentle pressure on her husband Peter and her mother—to have the firm take the reporting process seriously. Robert Lim sees Kate’s move as an attempt to find a spot on the board for her. Kate denies this but believes that her daughters have a genuine interest in joining the firm when they are older. This creates pressure for the board of directors from Donna because of Kate. A family owned business involves one or more family in ownership and control of the business. It is the oldest form of business organization. It is â€Å"A  small or medium-sized business that is controlled and operated by members of a family. It may be organized as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or limited liability company.† (Business definition for: Family business. 2009). Family owned

Pharmacology virtual assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pharmacology virtual assignment - Essay Example One among them is neostigmine. Neostigmine is the reversible inhibitor of the postsynaptic cholin esterase enzyme and thus acing as the cholinergic agent. Neostigmine increases the amount of acetylcholines that are available for the nicotine receptors at the myoneural junction and thus enhances the muscle strength for contraction. It is also used as the antidote for the nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. (Aschenbrenner and Venable 2008). Â µ Conotocin is a short peptide of 22 aminoacids. It is isolated from the venom of many types of cone snail. Â µ Conotoxin have high binding affinity and discriminates well between the skeletal and cardiac isoforms. They have three disulfide bonds and three loop framework. Â µ Conotoxin has many positively charges residues that attracts the negatively charged residues. The arginine residue present in the 13th or 14th position seems to be the most critical group for the channel block. These residues block the sodium channel by using its positive charge. As positive charge is exerted by both repulsion occurs at the pore using electrostatic repulsion. (Canning and Spina 2009). Suxamethonium contains two acetylcholine molecules joined for acting as the neuromuscular blocking drug. They act as agonist by binding to the nicotinic cholinergic receptor and results in the depolarization of the muscle cell membranes. (Sidebotham and Levy 2007). Tetrodotoxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the puffer fish. This is an example for the ion-channel neurotoxin. This is an effective tool for identifying the inhibition of the intestine due to contractile activity as it blocks the neural activity without disturbing the muscle. (Rhoades and Bell 2008). 3, 4 diaminopyridine is a voltage dependent potassium channel blocker. This drug is used for improving the motor function and fatigue in the multiple scelrosis in patients. The blockage occurs in the nerve terminal and increases the

Teams In Organizations Essay Example for Free

Teams In Organizations Essay Teams are groups of people who share a common purpose, who depend on each other to accomplish their purpose, develop relationships with each other and outsiders and eventually develop roles in the team. These teams can be intact work groups working for the same person, or can be from different functions or organizations. In these times of constant change, it is essential for teams and team members to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Effective teamwork can help a company deal with this ongoing change and can create an environment to find better ways to solve problems, resolve conflicts, and set goals, whether they be to provide the best possible service, to be the top sales district, or to plan exciting company events. Teams have an important place in our professional and personal lives. Working in teams is an inevitable life experience, even for people who prefer to work alone. Working on teams can normally prove very challenging with all of the variations in personalities, strengths, and weaknesses. An effective teamwork does not happen overnight; it takes a cooperative group of individuals and a talented leader. To avoid a stiff structure in an organization, management must learn to let people do their creative best and optimize their talent. An ideal organization consists of a team-oriented environment where people are being asked to work beyond their disciplines. Departments learn to work together, helping one another, as well as themselves, instead of behaving like rivals, only out for their personal advancement. Generally, there are three main characteristics for a team to be successful; they must share a common goal, each member must play their own particular role, and each member must be willing to make a few sacrifices (Hambrick, 1994). The most important aspect must be the common goal of the group. Even though the members of the team have different views, even though they come from different backgrounds, even if they have different ambitions, this common goal is what will unite and bind the group together. But this common goal is not enough; something more is needed: the role of the individual  team players. If the team is to truly be a success, each member will have to play his or her role properly. Conflict may arise due to specific individuals wanting more credit, power, or glory; however, that is when the importance of sacrifice becomes apparent. Each individual member has to be ready to give up something for the good of the whole team, because for a team to flourish and triumph, t he goal is greater than the individual (Hambrick, 1994). When a team works together with these three attributes, there is practically no limit to what they can accomplish. There are normally four stages that a group will have to go through before they become fully developed. They are: mutual acceptance, communication and decision-making, motivation and productivity, and control and organization (Moorehead Griffin, 285.) Each stage has its own unique features, but it is difficult to determine where one begins and one ends. There are no clear lines because one stage seems to blend into the next step. Mutual acceptance is the first step where each group member will share certain information about his or herself, in an effort to get to know the other team members. This information has almost nothing to do with the team goals; it is the members opportunity to learn something about one another. Once members begin to feel a little more comfortable together, they may attempt to discuss an overview of what they expect to accomplish within their group. They will begin to discover each others differences and similarities, their individual viewpoints on numerous concerns on relevant subject matters become apparent, and conversation about team goals and business become more prevalent. When the conversation starts to take on a more serious tone, the second stage of communication and decision-making has begun, possibly the most important stage in the process. Communication is an essential part in the development of a group culture. The types of communication structure determine leadership, roles and status within the group, group morale and cohesiveness, and it limits or enhances productivity (Hare, 1992). Different types of communication are needed for different tasks. If a groups goal is relatively simple, a centralized communication network in which interaction between members is limited tends to increase effectiveness. In a more complex environment, with a focus on  problem solving, a decentralized communication network would be more appropriate (Shaw, 1981). The choice of a communication network might be more effective if decision-making strategies are outlined in advance and if the urge to stabilize the structure too early is resisted, as there is considerable resistance to change once these structures are established. Awareness of these issues is usually low and it is one of the tasks of the group leader or facilitator to bring them to the attention of the group. Communication standards, as well as performance, are raised if the group has clear performance-oriented goals, an appropriate task strategy to accomplish those goals, and a clear set of established rules in order to tolerate inter-member conflicts and to promote feedback to ensure that information is properly interpreted and understood. When it becomes apparent that the group is united upon its goals and tasks, the third stage of motivation and productivity can begin. Motivation and productivity focus on the overall performance within the group. All groups, however, do not reach this stage. If it has been attained, their capacity, range, and depth of relations expand to true interdependence. Group members can work independently, in sub-groups, or as a total unit, while their roles and authorities dynamically adjust to the changing needs of both the group and the individual. Individual members have become self-assuring and the need for group approval has past; they are both highly task-oriented and highly people-motivated. The group has reached a level of unity, group identity is complete, morale is high, and loyalty is intense. There is a strong focus on both team cooperation and creativity. This stage places a high emphasis on problem solving and productively working towards the most optimal solutions to these problems. If a group is able to accomplish these tasks, they will move on to the final stage of control and organization (Moorehead Griff in, 287). The final stage of control and organization in group development involves the termination of task behaviors and the disengagement from group relationships. The group will work towards fully accomplishing all of their goals and tasks to the point of completion. A planned conclusion usually includes recognition for participation and achievements and an opportunity  for members to say their personal goodbyes. It may also create some apprehension from group members due to the relinquishing of control and giving up inclusion in the group. The most effective interventions throughout this stage are those that facilitate task termination and the process of disengaging oneself from the group. Members must prove to be flexible and able to adapt to whatever the next step is for the group, whether it be to transform into a mature group, or to disband altogether (Moorehead Griffin, 288). Work groups function to perform a particular task. In a work group, the task dimension is emphasized and group members pool their expertise to accomplish the task. Organizations may not realize that different groups will require different kinds of facilitation, meaning its roles, relationships, goals, functions, and capabilities. There are two main types of teams in the workplace: work unit teams and self managed teams (Parks Sanna, 1999). Work unit teams are where supervisors are retained with drastically altered roles, and employees are given much expanded responsibilities for day-to-day operations, while self managed teams are where managers and supervisors are largely eliminated and employees truly take charge. Work-unit teams and self-managed teams both shift traditional managerial and supervisory responsibilities for controlling performance and solving performance problems to employees. All employees are required to attend team meetings, work on performance improvement projects and participate in other team activities by virtue of their employment. Where these two types of teams differ is in respect to the effect of the teams on organizational structure and the role, or even existence, of managers and supervisors (Parks Sanna, 1999). The organizational chart with work-unit teams looks very much like that of a traditional organization, with perhaps some flattening of the traditional pyramid into fewer levels. Additionally, there may be no radical restructuring of the work process flow, at least initially. There is a much sharper definition of the units responsibilities and objectives, however. Work-unit team members develop a few key performance measures for the team that are linked back to company objectives and they help establish targets  for performance on these measures. Also, team members meet on a regular basis with their manager or supervisor to review performance on these measures, identify performance problems or areas needing improvement, and develop action plans or projects to solve performance problems they identify. Under work-unit teams, managers and supervisors may be reduced in number, but that position is not eliminated. They continue to perform traditional functions such as planning, budgeting, hiring, disciplining, and firing, although they may be required to seek greater employee input into these decisions. The team itself is responsible for the work groups performance. The manager or supervisors role is to provide the team with information and resources, facilitate team meetings, and coach employees in problem-solving efforts (Parks Sanna, 1999). Self-managed teams operate in a similar fashion to work-unit teams, but with employees assuming greatly expanded responsibilities. Additionally, the traditional organizational structure is drastically altered because divisions, departments, and sections drawn along functional lines may cease to exist; in its place are teams of five to fifteen employees. Each team has the responsibility, equipment, and other resources necessary to produce an entire product, deliver a service, or produce or deliver a major part of a product or service. Self-managed teams are structured to operate almost as small, independent business units. Where the work-unit team has a clearly defined set of performance objectives, the self-managed team has a mission to serve a customer or group of customers either internally or externally. Perhaps the most striking difference between self-managed teams and work-unit teams is the absence of managers and supervisors in the self-managed unit. Instead, employees in self-managed teams elect a team leader who facilitates team meetings and performs administrative functions for the team. Frequently, team leadership responsibilities rotate among team members so that eventually most, if not all, team members serve a term as team leader. Team members assume responsibility for monitoring performance and solving performance problems, planning, scheduling, budgeting, and hiring and discipline of team members. The few remaining formal managers in an organization composed of self-managed teams coordinate activities of the various teams, ensure that teams have the resources they require, advise the  teams on technical, operational, and human resource issues, and help resolve disputes that might occur within or between teams (Parks Sanna, 1999). The transition to a team-based high-performance organization is established on a basic set of six guiding principles. The first principle is to develop the support of top managers. Top managers need to learn as much as they can about the structure and management operating system of a high performance design and operating system before deciding whether or not they can support implementing a model. Without the understanding of top management and their support for a change to a team-based organization, high-performance is not possible (Wheelan, 1994). The second thing that needs to be done is to determine how a team-based organization can address company improvement needs. Organizations must identify the opportunities for improvement where teams can help with the performance in the organization. Without a defined need, there will be little or no serious motivation to establish the resources and changes required to install a high performance model (Wheelan, 1994). The third principle is to involve everyone within the organization so that they will feel a part of the surrounding changes. Since team-based high performance requires revising the organizations structure and operating system, everyone has a role to play in the transition. When senior management makes a commitment to convert to the new system, department managers, section heads, and employees all need to be involved, no one can afford to be left out. Employment groups who are not informed and involved in the process of change are likely to resist the tough changes that are needed. Calming everyones fears about change is a very important factor in making a successful transition (Wheelan, 1994). The fourth principle is to invest in establishing a learning organization. With technology and information driving change at an unprecedented pace, organizations need employees at all levels who are continually learning. Education and training must be seen as a top priority in high-performance workplaces, with a payoff in improved leadership, worker flexibility,  effectiveness, and improved product and service quality (Wheelan, 1994). The fifth principle is to measure and keep track of how the changes are taking place and the affects of the changes. Measurement is a core element of high-performance management. A measurement system must be developed and maintained to evaluate the team and company performance, and there must be a way to monitor employee feedback, as well. The improvement measures should be incorporated into team performance evaluations, promotions, and compensation plans, so as to emphasize the extreme importance of this step (Wheelan, 1994). The sixth and final principle is to get the necessary help to install a high-performance design. Teams and team-based organizations with self-managed teams are not new. Adequate information is documented and available to show that team-based operating systems consistently outperform traditional systems. The hiring of an experienced consulting and training firm to provide model design guidance, consultation, and training will reduce trial and error costs and help ensure a smooth transition and the achievement of the desired outcomes (Wheelan, 1994). Team-based high-performance involves management providing teams with the following five thing: identifying defined areas of responsibility where teams can be delegated some degree of management control, granting the authority to teams to make decisions about their groups work, providing teams with the resources and tools to continually improve their work, providing the training needed to install and maintain the new system, and providing the resources and education needed to enable employees to continually improve their job skills (Wheelan, 1994). While this sounds easy enough in practice, it is not. Most companies operate in certain well-established, traditional ways. Team-based high performance requires changes in virtually every arena of corporate life. Top management may not want to commit resources to prepare everyone for their new responsibilities. Managers, and sometimes workers, are reluctant to have decision-making authority shared between management  and employees. However, there is a new frontier available for executives interested in capturing the spirit and intellect of the total workforce for dramatic improvements in operating effectiveness. The experience of companies that are making the change to a high-performance workplace, and seeing an extraordinary return on their investment, provides compelling motivation to take the plunge. References Hambrick, D.C. (1994). Top Management Groups: A Conceptual Integration and Reconsideration of the Team Label. Research in Organizational Behaviour. Hare, A.P. (1992). Group, Teams and Social Interaction. Theories and Applications. New York: Praeger. Moorehead, Gregory, Griffin, Ricky W. (2001). Organizational Behavior: Managing People And Organizations. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Parks, C.D. Sanna, L.J. (1999). Group Performance and Interaction. Boulder, Oxford: Westview Press. Shaw, M.E. (1981). Group Dynamics: The Psychology of Small Group Behaviour. New York: McGraw-Hill. Wheelan, S.A. (1994). Group Processes. A Developmental Perspective. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

The Effectiveness Of Mass Media Advertisements Marketing Essay

The Effectiveness Of Mass Media Advertisements Marketing Essay For many years mass media advertising was seen as the strongest form of creating awareness to a companys brand. However, the 21st century brings with it the decline of traditional mass media. As humans are being exposed to more and more advertising on a large scale, it is only inevitable that the effectiveness of the mass communication will greatly diminish. Magazines and newspapers are losing readers, radio is losing listeners, and most importantly television is losing viewers. Whats driving this trend is that consumers are drifting more towards digital media driven by online content typified by social media sites and online gaming, as well as more and more homes having access to broadband internet connectivity   and its capability to provide an ever-growing and an ever-higher quality of video content. Marketers also face a general proliferation of media and distribution channels, with declining trust in advertising, multitasking by consumers, and digital technologies that give u sers more control over the their media time. These trends are simultaneously fragmenting both the audience and the channels needed to reach them. The danger for marketers is that this change will render the time honoured way of getting messages to consumers through TV commercials less effective at best and a waste of time and money at worst. Therefore, companies must be intuitive in seeking alternative marketing communications to increase their brand awareness and therefore utilise this now wider scope of tools. Tools that companies already acquire can be utilised and modified into an effective medium of communication. Promoting public relations and accompanying it with one of the reasons for the decline in the effectiveness of television advertising (social media). Companies are able to generate an effective, yet efficient means of delivering a brands message through a two way relationship. Accompanying an advertising industry that is in decline with the economic downfall, consumer s have little confidence towards brands and therefore developing a medium that can deliver a message that is portrayed through a story enables brands to once again deliver effective brand awareness. Brand awareness refers to the ability of the consumer as to whether they can recall or recognise a brand, that is, whether consumers know about the brand (Keller, 2008). Brand awareness must be established before building brand equity. The brand name develops the memory nodes in consumers minds (Aaker, 1991). Brand awareness consists of two factors: brand recognition and brand recall performance (Keller 1993). Consumers tend to link related brand knowledge to the brand name, this ultimately constitutes in the end product of brand equity (Aaker, 1991  and  Keller, 1993). Hence, brand awareness evokes an important learning advantage for the brand (Keller, 2008). Consumer decision making is also affected by brand awareness, especially for low-involvement packaged goods. Brands that consumers know are more likely to be included in the consumers consideration set (Hoyer and Brown, 1990  and  MacDonald and Sharp, 2000). Consumers may use brand awareness as a purchase decision heuri stic (Hoyer and Brown, 1990  and  MacDonald and Sharp, 2000). Therefore, brand awareness amplifies brand market performance. The decline of mass media advertising In its prime, network television was seen by marketers and ad agencies as the benchmark to successful brand awareness campaigns. This was due to the sheer number of consumers that tuned into the most popular television shows. The emphasis of these marketers was mass messaging of the brand to the consumers as companys based their television spending on the share of voice, that is making sure your market share, expenditure of competitors and the companys growth expectations of the brand was in line with the advertising budget. However, fragmenting media and shifting behaviour by consumers are revealing the traditional models limits due to the following trends. Media propagation. In the United States, what used to be a handful of stations has developed and evolved into 1,774 full power TV stations. Multitasking. With the development of the internet, more and more people are multitasking. According to Ulla G. Foehr, the average US teenager engages in an average of two other activities, one of these activities in homework. Therefore, as students are studying they have the ability to selectively listen to the television. Meaning that they can zone out when advertisements are aired and back in when the program returns. The same concept is applicable with the multitasking of surfing the internet and watching television. In a similar concept that supports multitasking. Switching Off is the process of consumers being selective of what they watch and the advertisements they trust. Yankelovich Partners state that 65% of consumers believe that they are constantly being bombarded with too much advertisement, with 65% saying they would be interested in products and services that would help block marketing, and 54% saying that they would avoid purchasing products that engulf with advertisement and marketing. What Communications should be exploited? As Brand awareness is scrutinized as being the focal point towards the succession of a brand, and therefore the company, it is essential that marketers develop efficient and effective messages in a communication that ultimately would increase the recognition and recall of the brand. Therefore, as the decline in the effectiveness of mass media continues, it opens a Pandora box of opportunities throughout other communications for marketers to develop and exploit. Marketers need a more meticulous approach to a fragmenting world, one that dismisses mentalities and norms from mass media advertisings golden age and understands the investment it really is. In other words, it will be necessary to boost marketings return on investment (ROI). Academicians and practitioners have debated the merits of integrating the related yet distinct functions of marketing and public relations (PR) for decades to develop an alternative route in developing brand awareness (Kotler and Mindak 1978.) Public relations is commonly related with communication activities that are designed to craft and maintain an organisations image with its publics (Kitchen P Proctor R, 2010) The role of organisational public relations is expanding with the changing times: PR doesnt just focus on your business product; it also assists in shaping strategic messaging .(Anonymous, 2010, p. 28). Traditionally, this meant that public relation professionals would meet and work with members of the news media to build a favourable image by publicising the brand throughout newspapers and broadcast media. However, with the development of web 2.0 defined as a platform whereby content and applications are no longer created and published by individuals, but instead are continuously modified by all users in a participatory and collaborative fashion (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010, p. 61), Winchell (2010) states that brands are being dismissed, measured and documented in real time and should therefore join the conversatio n in social media. American Airlines, one of the worlds largest air carriers, believes that public relations can help to maximize shrinking advertising budgets in tight economic times (Bush, 2009). It is therefore seen in modern society that the role of public relations can be two fold. As creator of the story, such as the conversation towards the consumer, and, as the curator of the medium to use, ie., social media. As a result of the economic downturn, many consumers have lost trust and confidence in the business environment. In a 2005 Starcom study, it was stated that 65% of consumers believed that advertisers paid to have their products placed or featured in magazine articles (Starcom Study 2005). Therefore, marketers must attempt to instil a new sense of comfort and confidence between the consumer and the brand. This is where public relations can be extremely effective, as authenticity can illicit strong connections from brand to consumer through the means of storytelling (Allen 2005). Storytelling has a role throughout organisations and even throughout public forums, as word of mouth through brand conversation is on the rise (Finchum 2010). Therefore, when consumers come into contact with a brand for the first time; strong, favourable and unique brand associations would have a higher probability of being evoked when an authentic story is told by the product or service itself, or by the cust omer word-of-mouth or by a credible third party (Denning, 2006, p. 43). Schipul (2009) proclaims that since todays society is centre of a conservative economy, the aim is to focus on an organisations relationship with its publics and social media is the communication medium for such a thing to transpire. Social media, with its greater ROI and its two way communication with consumers is the solution to support public relations in creating brand awareness with positive associations. Extraordinary advances in technology are dramatically altering the way, speed and nature humans are communicating with each other (Bandura 2001). Moxham (2008) states that when an organisation is in conversation with a consumer they should tell the brands story and empower the consumer to also spread the word. This is ultimately delivered through storytelling in the communication of social media. This never used to be the case, as public relations was only seen a one way sender-orientated approach to communication, whereby mass media such as television, newspaper and radio were used to address the public (Helder Kragh, 2002). However, in the digital age, there is now what is known as receiver oriented approach and this involves having two way conversations through the medium of social media. Therefore this polar opposite approach results in individuals shifting fluidly and flexibly between the role of audience and author. The creation of basic, easy to use software enables any consumer to comment, post, share content and form an online community around shared interest (Thornley 2008). McDonalds is an organisation that has successfully incorporated the sharing component through the social media communication of Facebook. They have achieved this by delivering a message, and encouraging its consumers to share it if it relates to their friends. This is where the traditional one way, sender orientated communication protocol fails, as communication will only occur because the consumer sender wants it to. This message will only work if the consumer is able to ascertain the meaning that the advertisement was attempting to portray (Stidsen 1975). Nikes 2012 Olympic Twitter campaign flourished as 16,000 people tweeted the hash tag Nike during the event, demonstrating the audience that can be i nteracted. Public relations, as skilled relationship builders, therefore have the advantage over traditional advertisement as they are able to ensure the consumer has a deep understanding of the message that the brand was illustrating. As the effectiveness of traditional mass media declines, organisations must be able to adapt their communications with the changing times to ensure that they have the greatest probability in creating consumer brand awareness whilst not only having a superior ROI but a communication that will reach the masses. Through the fusion of public relations and social media, brands have an opportunity to develop relationship between the brand and its publics, creating deep and meaningful stories that intend to divulge strong, unique and favourable brand associations with the consumer through online social networks. Companies then hope that these stories will continue to be shared by publics to other new consumers. These findings hold significant importance to the marketing communications industry, particularly companies who partake in mass media advertisement. A lot of uncertainty surrounds the issue of companies creating brand awareness and loyalty when consumers are becoming more immune to m ass advertising effects. This is why public relations has been emphasised, as it attaches more credibility to the brand and emphasises to two way communication, which completes the communication cycle by ensuring feedback from customers to ascertain brand experience and value. Therefore integrating public relations with social media will be the new key to unlock the door of the consumers mind. As medias golden age has come to a close, many marketers are frustrated and have limited agreement about what to do next. Some business managers are attempting to dissect marketing-mix models that exercise refined econometric methods to meticulously decipher the diverse effects of the marketing mix on business results. Managers should utilise public relations and ensure that they convey a strong and deep message to the consumer. This is a simplistic, yet effective proposal, and would be efficiently installed in most companies. The consequences of not implementing this marketing strategy are for everyone to see. Mass media advertising was exceptionally effective in previous decades as it was able to target such a large audience, particularly television viewers. The reasons for this can be seen as the downfall of it today. In consideration to todays amount, there were only a handful of channels, resulting in an increased target size. People do not watch television in the same manner as they used to. A majority of the population multi task and therefore disregard advertisements as it is being aired. Therefore, whilst advertisement expenditure increases it can only be predicted that companies that do not apply this strategy have the risk of not creating enough brand awareness and losing brand loyalty with its customers. It is therefore recommended that companies take advantage of these findings as it can only provide future benefits for the brand by accessing a wider audience, because it could be a consumer th at is multitasking between television and social media only to take all attention away from the televised commercial and onto the social media page where they become aware and informed about a brand online. Further research can deeper analyse the forms and methods that can be put incorporated in using this social media, such ways that take into account the costs and audience scope. Studies can also be partaken to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating social media and public relations in developing brand awareness compared to other forms of communication.

How Does Exodus Story Reflect Gods Presence Religion Essay

How Does Exodus Story Reflect Gods Presence Religion Essay In many ways the narrative of Exodus Chapters 1-15 may be considered the birth story of Israel as a people. The book of Exodus opens with Israel suffering oppressively as slaves in Egypt, but in the end of the story (Exodus 14-15), the hand of God delivered them through the Reed Sea to a new life beginning at Mt. Sinai where they will become Gods covenant people. 1 1 Bruce C. Birch, Walter Brueggeman, Terence E. Fretheim David L. Petersen A Theological Introduction to the Old Testament Nashville, TN: Abingdom Press, 1999. P. 93 Verses 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ6 sum up the history of Israel as a clan, as described more thoroughly in Genesis chapters 12à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ50. These six verses remind us that all that is going to take place in Exodus is directly related to what has gone before as described in Genesis. The curse of God in Genesis 3 included hard toil, which is surely the lot of Israel in Egypt. The salvation of mankind, as promised also in Genesis 3, was through the birth of a child. So too it was through the birth of a child (Moses, Exod. 2) that God provided a deliverer for His people. As men strove to provide themselves with security and significance by the building of a city and a tower, using bricks and mortar, so Egypt sought to secure herself by forcing the Israelites to build cities with bricks and mortar (compare Gen. 11 with Exod. 1:14; 5:1). Most importantly, this portion of the introduction to the Book of Exodus (Exod. 1:1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ6) links the existence and rapid growth of Israel as a nation to the covenant that God made with Abraham (Gen. 12:1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ3), which He reiterated to the patriarchs (Gen. 26:2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ5, 24; 28:13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ15). The close of the Book of Genesis anticipated the situation existing at the opening of the Book of Exodus. A numerous people had developed from the twelve sons of Jacob. The Land had been promised to Abrahams descendants to be occupied when a people sufficient to inhabit and control it was ready. Exodus is the account of the final stage toward that readiness. It is the book of the birth of two special sons: Moses, the son of a couple from the tribe of Levi (2:1-2), and Israel, the firstborn son of the Most High God. Having become a numerous people, God brings forth a fledgling nation, created by His sovereign grace and cared for out of His steadfast love (1:1-18:27). The Exodus from Egypt constitutes the birth of Gods Son-Nation (1:1-15:21). Israel had been segregated in the land of Goshen as part of the divine plan for creating a unique people from the descendents of Abraham (Gen. 46:28-34) and had become a basically homogeneous entity over the course of the 430-year sojourn in Egypt. Harsh treatment by a Pharaoh unsympathetic to the children of Israel hurried the crisis that would result in their expulsion from the womb of Egypt. Yahweh for his part provides and prepares his deliverer for the eventual deliverance of the nation from Egyptian bondage (2:1-4:31). At this point the birth of the deliverer, Moses, becomes the focus of the book. Moses is cast out by his mother and then taken in by none other than Pharaohs daughter. As Egypt had been used providentially to care for the clan of Abraham so the King of Egypt would afford a Hebrew child the best that the country had to offer in terms of upbringing and education (2:1-10). However, before Moses could lead Israel out of Egypt he himself had to experience exile as he fled from a fearful Pharaoh until God is ready to deliver His people from under a hostile, oppressive king (2:11-4:17). Finally, Moses is appointed as Israels deliverer (3:1-4:17). The appointment of Moses to his task occurs in three phases. All three stages were necessary in order to galvanize this 80 years old man to act on behalf of the LORD God of his fathers (3:15). First, Moses is confronted with the holiness of Yahweh at the burning bush as the mountain of God (3:1-5). Secondly, Moses is asses of the loyal love of Yahweh for his people and called to participate in it (3:6-10). The third phase consisted of Yahweh dispelling four objections that Moses raises regarding his own inadequacy for the task (3:11-4:17), each objection being countered by some aspect of Yahwehs person or purpose. Finally, Aaron is appointed as Moses Spokesman (4:14). By divine revelation God instructed Aaron to meet Moses in the wilderness (4:27). They met on the holy mountain of God. Where Moses had to share the most recent events of his life, especially his encounter with God at the burning bush, the commission he had been given to deliver Israel, and the part which Aaron was to play in it all. Together they both went back to Egypt to petition Pharaoh for the release of Yahwehs firstborn Israel (4:18-31). This image underscores the fact that the nation of Israel already existed in relationship to God. The impact of Gods presence can be seen in the shown down of the ten plaques as well as the crossing of the Reed Sea. Upon Pharaohs first refusal to let Israel go Yahweh reveals his plans for judging unbelief and encouraging the faith of the Israelites (5:1-6:1). God was about to reveal himself in the characteristic embodied in the name YHWH. The purpose of the first encounter was realized, and life got tougher. However, Israel was not yet ready to take YHWH at his word (6:9). With Moses and Aaron already being stretched in their faith, the Lord reissues the command to go to Pharaoh and demand release for Israel (6:10-11). When they object, the Lord restates his expectations (6:13) along with an explanation of his strategy (6:28- 7:7). As one who stands in the place of God to Pharaoh (7:1) Moses will have a ringside seat to the struggle of the unbelieving heart. It is through the stubbornness of this Pharaoh that Yahweh will effect deliverance to Israel, and manifest himself to the w hole nation of Egypt (7:4-5). Moses and Aaron did respond to the revelation of Gods plan and submit to his command (7:6). In the second encounter with Pharaoh Moses announces plagues against the land and its gods in order to secure Israels release (7:8-10:29). The plagues against Egypt were miraculous interventions of the sovereign God of the universe. They were designed to demonstrate the uniqueness of the God of Israel and to deliver the people of Israel from their oppressive hosts. The whole pantheon of Egyptian gods, not least of which was the Pharaoh himself, was being shown to be impotent in the presence of the God of Israel. Finally, Moses last encounter with Pharaoh was the announcement of the plague of the death of all Egypts firstborn, along with the institution of the Passover (11:1-12:36). The tenth plague is set apart from the nine because it is the decisive act of judgment against Pharaoh and the Egyptians, and also it would hold special historical and theological significance for Israel throughout their history through its association with the Passover (12:1-28). The Hebrews calendar woul d now name this as the first month (12:2). The feast would be an everlasting memorial of redemption (12:14) and would remind the nation that her oppressor had been judged for its unbelief (12:23, 27). In addition the associated feast of Unleavened Bread would remind them of their deliverance in haste from Egypt unto a prolonged experience under the blessing of Yahweh. Redemption by blood (from the guilt of sin) on the night of Passover would be matched by redemption by power (from the death of slavery) at the Reed Sea. As promised, the tenth plague is inflicted and the firstborn of man and beast dies (12:29-30) forcing Pharaoh to comply with Yahwehs command, with the consent of the rest of the Egyptians (12:31-36). Though the physical exodus of the people is not really completed at this point, the narrative recounts the first movement of the nation (12:37). Before resuming the actual exodus narrative, additional material is communicated, from the Lord to Moses (12:43-13:2) and from Moses to the people (13:3-16) concerning the Feasts of Passover and Unleavened Bread, and the sanctification of the firstborn. These become the memorials of Israels redemption from Egypt. Having been sparred in the Passover by the blood of the lamb, Israel experiences the completion of her deliverance out of bondage by the power of God as he destroys the pursuing Egyptians (13:17-15:21) portraying him as a divine warrior (15:3) in their song of liberation. Finally, in assessing how God dealt with the characters in the narratives, He chooses Joseph to begin Israels migration to Egypt (Gen. 50:19-20; Exodus 1:5); Pharaoh King of Egypt so as to demonstrate his sovereignty (1:8); Shiphrah and Puah to disregard the Pharaohs decree (1:15); Jochebed to birth Moses (2:2); hide him (2:3) and nursed him (2:9); Pharaohs daughter to adopt and raise Moses (2:5-10); Miriams to keep watch over Moses (2:4); Moses as Israels deliverer (3:10); Aaron as Moses spokesman (4:14); Zipporah, Moses wife to perform circumcision on their son to save Moses from the wrath of God (4:25-26); and Jethro, Moses father-in-law to confess that Yahweh is Supreme (18:9-12). The statement about God hardening Pharaohs heart is often characterized as unfair on the part of the Divine Sovereign with respect to allowing for repentance and faith (4:21; 7:3; 9:12). However, it must be observed that Pharaoh hardened his own heart at least seven times (7:13, 14, 22; 8:15, 19, 32; 9:7) before the Lord took similar action (9:12). Pharaoh was responsible for his own unbelief and therefore fell under the righteous judgment of God. The Lords hardening of Pharaohs heart (after the monarchs unbelief was settled) served to heighten the judgment of the plagues so as to more effectively display His own power and majesty, which in the long run may have actually brought others to repentance. ____________________________________________________________________________

Music Essay - An Analysis of the Rap Song, Put it On :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

An Analysis of the Rap Song, Put it On While on a recent carefree jaunt throughout Harlem, I was introduced to the lyrical genius of one â€Å"Big L.† As is common of all true artists, Mr. L passed before his time, but not without a legacy. You see, it is the will of the Almighty Himself that I elucidate the meaning of Mr. L’s first major work, â€Å"Put it On,† in order for it to be made accessible to the common man and the upper crust alike, so that this truly majestic piece may live for eternity in the bosom of humankind. To this end, I have composed a line-for-line translation of the complex, sophisticated diction, which, I expect, will henceforth serve as the standard through which all scholars will study this master of the English language. Verse One Ayo you better flee, hops, or get your head thrown three blocks. L keep rappers’ hearts pumpin’ like Reeboks. And every year I gain clout and my name sprout. Some brothers would still be virgins if crack never came out. I got the wild style, always been a foul child My guns go boom-boom, and your guns go pow-pow. I'm known to have a hottie open, I keep the shottie smokin,’ Front and get half the bones in your body broken. And when it comes to getting’ nookie I'm not a rookie- I got girls that make that chick Toni Braxton look like Whoopie. I run with sturdy cliques, I'm never hittin’ dirty chicks, Got thirty-five bodies, buddy, don't make it thirty-six. Step to this, you're good as gone. Word is bond. I leave mics torn when I put it on. Summary: This verse serves to make a strong impression of Mr. L. We first learn that he is not to be toyed with. Big then threatens his opponents, speaks briefly about his fondness for firearms, and draws attention to his sex appeal. As for a more detailed analysis of the verse: Ayo you better flee, hops, or get your head thrown three blocks. L keep rappers’ hearts pumpin’ like Reeboks. Greetings. You had better take flight, my good man, or else you will receive a wallop - for I am to be feared. And every year I gain clout and my name sprout. Some brothers would still be virgins if crack never came out. I strengthen my fame on an annual basis. Hence, my name becomes increasingly better known with time. Incidentally, a number of black men would still have not had sexual relations with women, had it not been for the advent of crack cocaine.

Essay --

The Tea Party’s Influence on American Politics Throughout American history, the role and size of the United States government has been debated since the 1st United States Congress. In modern times, a new conservative group, known as the Tea Party has formed to advocate for smaller government, fiscal responsibility, and restoring traditional American values. This group has made it tougher for Democrats and Republicans to solve their differences. Receiving dramatic support when it formed, the Tea Party, acting as the most conservative members in government, has changed American politics by dividing the Republican party, making it tougher for Congress to pass bills, showing major opposition to the President, and causing gridlock within the government. The Tea Party is defined as a conservative grassroots movement that, â€Å"calls awareness to any issue which challenges the security, sovereignty of domestic tranquility of our beloved nation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .1 In addition to this, there are many based Tea Party groups around the country, such as Tea Party Patriots and Tea Party 911.2 Furthermore, the formation of the Tea Party is not fully defined. Many Tea Party activist like to refer to the 1773 Boston Tea Party as when their movement was established.3 However, it is argued that the modern Tea Party formed on a nationwide protest, known as the Tax Day Protest, on September 12, 2009.4 This group was protesting nationwide against 787 billion dollar stimulus package and the 3.5 trillion dollar deficit that was implemented by the Obama Administration and a Democratic controlled Adams 2 Congress.5 While many argue that the Tea Party was formed as a grassroots coalition, others claim that this movement was funded by elites, former politicians and con... ...ugh time on dealing with the debt ceiling once again. Thirty Republican Tea Party members oppose raising that debt ceiling. Because of this, Republicans have to create a bill in which they will receive Democratic support. Hopefully, a bipartisan solution by all members will allow the debt ceiling to be risen.44 The Tea Party has changed politics by making the Republican Party more Conservative and making the legislation process slower. They have indeed influenced and change politics in the election process and caused the necessity of bipartisanship in Congress. In addition, they brought the debate about the interpretation of the Constitution, restoring traditional values, economic ideologies in America, and the role and size of the United States government. The Tea Party will go down in history as one of the groups that has changed American politics in many aspects.

Triple X :: Movie Film Essays

Triple X Original Budget $50,000,000, or the annual per capita income of 250,000 people in Nepal. Who owns it: Sony Number of Sony plugs: about a half dozen, if you include Tony Hawk, who is more or less owned by Sony Number of total plugs: enough to make my ass hurt. Twice. Length: 2:04 or long enough to make you seriously wander what the hell is point to go on living. Before sitting down and spending 2 hours of my life to watch "Triple X", I had previously heard a few friends, acquaintances, and others describe the action movies of Vin Diesel, including "Triple X" as "cool", "sexy", "fun", "good", and, perhaps above all, "exciting" (ok, Pitch Black is almost watchable). If you happen to be one of these individuals, I would like to kindly ask that in the future, you actually take the time to watch a movie before speaking positively about it to me. It is pure intellectual dishonesty to do otherwise, which is what obviously happened regarding "Triple X", a movie which could only be spoken positively of by those who haven't seen it. Or, as a friend of mine commented, "Triple X" acts as a good retard test, because if you really do like this movie, you're retarded. The movie has some problems. These include plot, acting, script, dialogue, and pacing. But we will forgive all those. This is a mindless action movie after all, and being a bad movie is par for the action genre course. "Triple X" isn't just a bad movie, it is a *terrible* action flick, ranking in wretchedness with the likes of Rambo III. Why? Several reasons follow, in no particular order. Middle class skate/punk/psuedo-rebel/"extreme"/hardcore-straightedge/wanker niche market This movie tries so hard to hit this target audience I actually felt like someone was trying to molest a child while watching this. This movie might score the highest corporate plug per scene ratio of any movie I've ever seen. And, unlike say Austin Powers, it does it completely straight-forward, even writing in plugs at key parts (insofar as they can exist) of the movie directly into the dialogue. Most notably here is the "Stop thinking secret agent and start think playstation" (at least something very close to that) towards the end of the movie when he picks up the random heat seeking bazooka which, when fired, targets *the heat from a burning cigarette* as opposed to the collected body heat of Diesel and company.

Guidelines for improving self concept

Self Concept Interpersonal Communication Abstract How do you view yourself? How do you think others view you? These questions are central to the idea of self- concept how you perceive yourself and how you believe others perceive you impacts your thoughts and ideas your actions and reactions. Your-self concept developed over years through your social interactions with your fellow man. It is what you believe to be your strength and weaknesses. Years of self- evaluation and comparisons to your peers helped to paint the internal picture you feel describe your best.Unfortunately, some people struggle because they lack a healthy understanding of who they are. They focus on their weakness and shortcomings, projecting a negative image upon themselves they believe is seen by others, luckily, the self-concept cab be changed for the better, although improving it will not happen overnight. It involves changing how you view yourself and that requires thinking and behaving differently. Consistentl y taking the following steps that will put you on the path to building a healthy self-concept. Discussion I can recall a time when I was 16 years old.I finally became a candidate to participate n the cadet academy in Jamaica. This was a very well known academy, and gave young men an opportunity to acquire the basic training to become a part of the Jamaican Police Force. Law enforcement has always intrigued me, and I knew one day I would become a part of fighting crime. The spaces were very limited, and only the best were accepted in to this program. I finally making the cut was really a success. When my parents came home from work that day, I was delighted to tell them the good news. I was full of energy as I explained to them I would finally be able to pursue my passion as a cop.They applauded me for being accepted but then their face changed, and I was not prepared for what happened next. They told me I should not Join the program. They told me the crime rate in our neighborhood c ity of Kingston, Jamaica was very high, and that the civilians were killing police officers left and right. They said they wanted to see me be successful in life and pursue what I wanted, but now was not the time to do so. Therefore, because I respect my parents, I rationalized their thoughts with my thoughts and came to the decision that I would not go through with the cadet training.It was very hurtful but I did not want to sober my parents, nor did I want to risk my life at such a young age. It was a very hard decision to make, but I did it with hopes on possibly going to college and pursuing it in another aspect like maybe becoming an attorney. The guidelines for improving self-concept are some very good values with making life decisions. The first one says that I should â€Å"Make a commitment to Personal Growth† (wood, 2013, p. 53). If I had applied this concept, I would have gone ahead and went with my dream of becoming a cadet officer, knowing that there is â€Å"ten sion that accompanies personal growth† (Wood J. 13, p. 53). If I would have used â€Å"Knowledge to support my personal growth † I would have checked the statistics myself to see exactly how bad the crime was at the time, and also find out how many officers had been killed. If I would have â€Å"Set goals that were realistic and Fair† (Woodward, p. 55). I wouldn't have had any doubts in my mind that this was the proper move for me at the time, because it was very realistic to me And If I had â€Å"Sought of Contexts that support personal change†, I would have surrounding myself with people who were pro-law enforcement and who believed in my dream.According to Wood (2013)†Think about people whose appraisals of you will help you move toward changes you desire. † Conclusion The most important thing I learned about this paper is no to settle of something when it comes to your dream in life. Just because people do not see the same things as you, doe s not mean it is the wrong decision. It is important to be careful who you share your goals with, and trust your own decisions. In addition, surrounding yourself with like-minded people will help you to reach where you want to be in life References Wood, J. (2013). Interpersonal Communication. Boston, MA 02210. Headwords Change Learning.

How Artists Represent the World Essay

Abstract artists have been greatly criticized and underestimated for their lack of culture and sophistication produced in their artwork. Interpreting, reading and deriving meaningful, useful information from abstract art requires the highest level of creative skills, and the most developed and trained imaginations. Learning how to perceive messages from art takes just as many years of conscious effort as the traditional forms of education. As a result, art perception is not a significant part of formal education, dismissing art’s literacy’s importance as requiring a special â€Å"gift. † The Beginning, painted by Barnett Newman, appears to be very simple, basic, nothing more than colorful lines pasted against a blue background. â€Å"His (Newman’s) paintings can seem to be barely doing anything at all, and yet, given time and attention, they reveal depths and subtleties of immense power. â€Å"(Denny, 2002) The Beginning clarifies the underlying patterns and natural order of life sciences, shows the invisible connections from the sky to the ocean, and forever creates new life’s beginnings. The Beginnings is an image of a crystal ball used as a window for scrying into the ocean, and eventually seeing a mirroring effect of reality. All artwork, including abstract and surrealism, created only from imagination is a window to look into reality. â€Å"Alberti, in his De pittura (1435), harnessed the technique of perspective to the theory that painting is an imitation of reality. He viewed the picture plane as a window through which one looks at the visible world. † (â€Å"Perspective,† 2007) Realism art is a mirror image reflecting tangible existing objects. Realism art is definite, showing what the artist actually sees as he or she is making up the painting. Abstract art is a lot more complexed, but is still realistic. One of abstract art’s significant contributions is clarifying the underlying patterns, and the natural order of universal life, forcing deeper parts of the imagination that normally go unused to be activated. Using imagination to interpret art helps us to understand the facts that are hidden from us. Abstract paintings are nothing more than a mixture of colors. â€Å"Whitehead systematically elaborates in his imposing Process and Reality (1929), going so far as to suggest that process, rather than substance, should be taken as the fundamental metaphysical constituent of the world. † (Irvine, 2003) Barnett Newman’s abstract, The Beginning, background color is apparently early morning sky blue or a blue sea. Metaphysically, the sea and the daybreak sky symbolizes new beginnings. The sky represents a new day, everything pertaining to the sea or water symbolizes a new life, translating into life as having constant new beginnings, reflecting a reality we can never touch. Reality is constantly moving and changing. The sky and the sea also symbolizes movement. Using the alleged symbology of the colors and the name of the art as windows, we understand Newman’s interpretation of realism, or actual visual images of the reality of life occurring in nature. The structure or underlying pattern of the atmosphere’s progressions can be viewed in The Beginning. â€Å"Chaos theory reveals an underlying pattern and order that is hidden in natural phenomena that before were considered to be merely random. † Peirce, 1996 Assuming the light blue dominating most of the abstract represents the sky or the sea, and the alleged symbols represent the beginning of a new eternity, Newman is implying that this is the hidden underlying basis of what everyone thought had no beginning, such as lightning falling from the sky. Looking at the painting right side up, lightning bolts are coming from the sky in unusual colors. To the center left at the very bottom is a splash of darker blue upon impact of the lightning bolts hitting the sea. The lightning bolts are in red, yellow and white offset colors. Between the red and white lightning bolts, a blue lighting bolt is coming down, but does not have enough power or force to complete the journey. The lightning bolt blending in with the background spatial point stops before reaching its destination. â€Å"It would be a mistake to think of a spatial point as being anything more than an abstraction; instead, real positions involve the entire series of extended volumes. † (Irvine, 2003) The lightning bolt unable to reach its destination can also be the beginning of a pattern of sequential events. The white lightning bolt is the most powerful or forceful object in the painting. A light red line runs down the center of the white lightning bolt, making the loudest splash into the sea. Then the pattern starts over. To the left is the weakest lightning bolt. Angling from the upper left corner is a vivid red appearing to ending up in front of the splash where the white bolt hit. To the far right is the yellow lightning bolt, perhaps starting its own pattern of sequential events of connecting life between the sea and skies. â€Å"Studying the process of art can provoke the beast and initiate the journey within. † (Lodato-Suppa, 1996) Barnett Newman was famous for painting colorful bands calling them zips on sky blue canvases. It appears like there was nothing to it. (Ned Denny). Visualizing art is the same thing as listening to or composing music. The impact of art speaking directly to the subconscious is so powerful the mind is completely overtaken by its presence. Music and painting selections incorporated into everyday life should be taken with great caution because of it’s powerful effect on the mind. Interpreting art is a tool guiding us individually on life’s journey. References Hall, D. , Mills. , H (1996) The Society for the Advancement of Creative Scientific Thinking Society Charter Retrieved March 15, 2008 http://ibiblio. org/scst/charter. html Irvine A. D. (2003) Alfred North Whitehead Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Retrieved Retrieved March 15, 2008 Newman, Barnett. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=112876047 Contemporary Art. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=112853364 Perspective. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=112879220 Denny, N. (2002, October 7). Nothing to It: Ned Denny Discovers Great Depths and Subtleties in Emptiness. New Statesman, 131, 40+. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000662917 Lodato-Suppa, P. (1996). Awakening Picasso Learner/teacher as Artist. Education, 117(1), 106+. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000436049