Umaaraw Umuulan Kinakasal Ang Tikbalang Essay Example for Free

Umaaraw Umuulan Kinakasal Ang Tikbalang EssaySince our childhood days, we are very familiar with the Philippine folklore introduced to us by the Spanish friars namely the tikbalang, aswang, mananaggal, kapre and the like. Who would have thought that these creatures are in fact friends of the animals commonly around us and act as guardians of bring Earth? This brilliant idea spawned from a short story written by Gilda Cordero-Fernandez entitled The Magic Circle and amazingly performed by the Dulaang UP finishing December.Basic altogethery, the story revolves around Jepoy, a boy living in the forest with his banished mother Aling Barang, and his journey within the depths of the forest to attend a mysterious matrimony of fabled creatures. Jepoy is accompanied by his dog Galis, which can walk upright and talk inside the forest. He is welcomed by Doa Geronima, the leader of the magical creatures and Aling Pacqui, a dwarf and later on introduced to the kapre, Kap.I liked how the play was acted. Being a theater enthusiast, I also commended the beautiful set onstage and how they made colorful costumes out of recycled materials, especially Doa Geronimas. My favorite character was the humorous except kind Aling Pacquita. She was very funny and I honor her walking on her knees tiresome but very effective in portraying her character as a dwarf. But they could have cut down feather on the miscellaneous actors, (except for the three heads). I found them disturbing sometimes. I didnt like the use of sprayers to show rain. I guess I judge more. The lesson of the story is about saving the environment. The story reached the resolution later in the play. Before the play ends, Jepoy, the main character, finds him as a certain chosen champion by the magical creatures and asks him to be their representative to help save the environment.Because of being just a poor boy, with no one but a hysteric mother to live with, he hesitated to accept their request. At that point o n, the creatures along with the animals helped convince Jepoy that he can make a change no involvement how small he may seem to be. He accepted the request after that. The lesson wasnt just exposed due to the development of the story but also through the nonverbal cues that helped the audience understand it better. These nonverbal cues were present in all of the characters but Kap had the most distinguished one. He displayed a clay motion known as an illustrator. His action, slow movements and frequent nodding of the head showed his sadness to the previous treatment of humans to him.He also displayed paralanguage where his illustration was hoarse and frequently disturbed by wheezing and coughing showing how old and sickly he was. Lastly, the environmental factors when Kap was talking were very evident. The lighting, the sound and yet the expressions of other creatures showed how they really need Jepoys help to save our environment. In conclusion, the play Umaaraw, Umuulan Kinaka sal ang Tikbalang is an effective and wonderful play that would renew our love for nature and respectfulness it, too. The only thing left for us to do is help Jepoy in his task. Lets show our love and appreciation for the mother that nurtures us all Mother Earth.

Form and Structure of Abigails Party Emily Huntley Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure of Abigails company Emily Huntley EssayMike Leighs Abigails Party was primarily shown on television and wasnt initially meant for the stage, until it was complete how successful it was.The plot is based around a mirror of two partys, one involving 5 adults all living in the same estate unless of very contrasting backgrounds and classes which Mike Leigh also depicts, and the other of the sixteen year old daughter of Sue, whos organised a typical teenage rave. The essence of the happen is that generally speaking the younger generations should be observed at parties but in Mike Leighs precedent the irony is that the adults seem just as drunk and obscene as what is imagined side by side(p) door. This is where the comedy arises and is developed throughout the play as the adults keep a close eye on the teenagers but thither is no one to observe the adults.Mike Leigh has also drawn the attention of the audience by focusing on class by contrasting the classes of t he characters, Beverly and Lawrence who are aspiring for veritable middle class, a poor newly married couple and a middle class divorcee. This situation in itself is controversial due(p) to Sue not being nearly as wealthy as Beverly and Lawrence but being by far the most cultured of the group. Another example of this would be shown in Ang, her occupation as a nurse can actually be called a well known and accepted profession, although she has little property and isnt well cultured or travelled, as an outsider you can see the intelligence that Mike Leigh has tried to depict over the other characters.The play is dispassionate of two acts, both of which surprisingly end with the focus on Sue, the most timid character. I think this was purposeful on Leighs behalf as although she seems to be a pretty insignificant character she holds a lot of unknown power over the people in her company. Especially Lawrence who realises her class is above his and he aspires to be like her by seeking her approval.As the play develops so does the amount of alcohol consumed and the tension between the two married couples. Especially from Beverly and Lawrences points of view as they start verbally abusing each other in the presence of their guests, which I believe would not occur otherwise as Ang, Tony and Sue would realise their true characters. Therefore I could also state that the play is anatomical structured around class, parties and also alcohol.Everything in the play including props, lighting and sound effects is ultra realistic. The plant includes real food and drink with a working record player and lamps, which provide the naturalistic lighting throughout the whole play, and the constant thumping from next door really makes the situation believable.To enhance the realism, Mike Leigh also wrote the play in real time, this means that the duration of the play is natural over the power point of an evening, with no days or hours skipped.Another tool used by Mike Leigh to dev elop true realism is the use of colloquial dialect. There is no stylised or poetic language and also no imagery used. It is written so the audience can easily place themselves in the characters positions.Discussing the structure of the play is hard considering the definitions of A Well Made Play1.) Exposition (introduction of characters and situations)2.) Conflict (a huge problem is bought to the surface)3.) Complications (the problem develops)4.) Climax (the most dramatic, and tension change part of the play)5.) Dnouement (the resolution)The exposition occurs between pages 1 and 13 when the characters are introduced to each other and also the audience. This is the period when the audience makes their own assumptions of the characters, and they can key out different relationships and tensions. This is when we also realise about Lawrences hectic lifestyle and frequent suffering of heartburn so that his heart attack doesnt come as a complete shock and the audience understand and sym pathise more.The conflict is primarily to do with Beverly and Lawrences relationship and the strain that it is clearly under. But we also see the sample between Angela and Tony periodically.The complication is when the tension builds as more and more alcohol is consumed predominantly between Lawrence and Beverly.The climax is clearly Lawrences heart attack, which is the outcome, of a stressful job, a nagging wife, being polite to unwelcome guests the consumption of alcohol and the constant thumping of the party next door. This is when the focus and drive of the play changes completely from the rising life these characters have built themselves to the present situation.Lastly the dnouement. In Abigails Party there doesnt seem to be a definite resolution, the play is leave on a cliff hanger as the audience is left in the dark as to whether the conflicts have been resolved and if not the final outcome of the situation.Abigails Party is referred to as a comedy, but of various types, it contains a slight element of black comedy in the fact that Lawrence has a heart attack. But throughout the play, Leigh develops another form of comedy, not through one-liners, but due to the characters dialogue and movement etc. For example, Tonys monosyllabic answers, Angelas lack of social etiquette, Sues shyness and total abominate of the situation, Lawrences frequent cultural references even though everyone can see he is uneducated in Shakespeare and Beethoven and is simply attempting and failing to reach a higher(prenominal) social class (nouveaux riches). And Beverlys clear lack of self-control concerning Tony and insulting Angelas lipstick.Abigails Party is essentially written as a comedy, until the end, which presents more opportunities, and shows a more sad and retrospective feel. This play is unique in that it is completely down to the director as to how they depict it as it can be of two extremes tragic or comic, excluding Lawrences death, which is clearly comic with the reference to Angs cramp etc. In the production I saw, it was comic and I thought this worked well but having considered it to be a tragic play I think this could be just as effective.

Tcp Congestion Control Methods Tutorial Information Technology Essay

Tcp Congestion Control Methods Tutorial Information Technology EssayTransmission Control Protocol (transmission control protocol) is one of the dickens core protocols of the Internet protocol suite. Together with IP, they constitute the backbone stack of many a(prenominal) internet applications like the World Wide Web, the e-mail and file deepen (FTP). Its principal(prenominal) function is to provide a reliable stream service utilizing an unreliable packet delivery system inherited by its underlying IP layer. By the term reliable, we mean the reliable ordered delivery of a stream of bytes from one peer to an early(a) that runs the same transmission control protocol protocol stack. To conduce this substantial functionality and reliability, transmission control protocol imposes complexity. It is a much more than complex protocol than its underlying IP protocol.The main mechanism transmission control protocol procedures to offer reliability is the convinced(p) acknowledgement a nd retransmission scheme. Transmitted segments must be acknowledged and if there is a loss, a retransmission takes place. To make the lucre utilization more efficient, instead of transmitting separately segment only after reception of an acknowledgement for the previously transmitted segment, TCP uses the concept of a windowpane. The window includes all those segments that be allowed to be direct without waiting for a new acknowledgment. TCP allows end to end adjustment of the data cling a rouseer introduces to the network by varying the window size. How can a sender know what is the suitable window size? A recipient indicates it in a window advertisement which comes to the sender as part of the acknowledgment.Since modern internet applications are hungry for bandwidth, there is a richly school possibility that network becomes congested at some time. Routers have a finite storage capacity for handling IP packets. If the packet flow rate becomes excessive, routers queue b uffers go away become full and their software leave start to discard any new packets arrived. This has a negative impact in the TCP operation and performance in general. Increased delays and losses ordain impose retransmissions and hence increased traffic. In its turn, increased traffic will make over-crowding more severe and in this way, Internet will own what is known as congestion collapse, exhibiting a performance fall of several orders of magnitude. To overcome this problem, TCP uses many mechanisms-algorithms to avoid congestion collapse and achieve high performance. The main idea behind these algorithms is to control the rate of data entering the network and keep it below a thresh experient rate. If this threshold were to be crossed, a new collapse frame could be triggered. Data senders can infer from an increasing number of delays that the network is congested and so adjust the flow in order to mitigate the phenomenon and give the network the necessary time to clear the queues and recover from congestion.TCP Congestion AlgorithmsRFC5681 describes foursome congestion control algorithms. Slow start, congestion avoidance, debauched transmit and fast recovery. All these algorithms work with the admission that sender infers network congestion by observing segment losses.As mentioned above, in TCP, receivers buffer capability can be advertised backwards in the acknowledgement messages. This helps the sender to adjust its window size. Congestion algorithms introduce a second limit which is named congestion window. This new window is used for restricting the data flow of sender below the limit that main window determines. Actually, in a congested phase, the TCP window size used is the minimum value between the normal and congestion windows sizes. Reducing the congestion window reduces the injecting data flow to the network.Congestion avoidance algorithm reduces the congestion window by half upon each segment loss. For those segments that remain in the window, it also backs off the retransmission timer exponentially. In this way, quick and significant traffic reduction is achieved. Upon loss of concomitant segments, the algorithm uses an exponential rate to drop the data flow and increase the retransmission timers. This gives comme il faut time for the network to recover and become stable again.Slow start algorithm is used when the network has recovered from the congestion and the windows start to increase again. To preclude oscillation between network congestion and normal conditions coming immediately after recovery, slow start indicates that congestion window must start at the size of a ace segment and increase by one segment for each acknowledgement arrived. This effectively doubles the transmitted segments during each successive round trip time. To avoid increasing the window size too quickly, once congestion window reaches one half of its size prior to congestion, TCP enters a congestion avoidance phase and the rate of increment is abruptly slowed down. During this phase, congestion window increases by just one segment and only after all segments in the current window have been acknowledged.Upon detection of a reproduction acknowledgment, sender cannot deduce if there was a loss or a simple delay of a segment. If ordinary out-of-order conditions are present, one or two duplicate acknowledgements are typically expected. If however, sender receives three or more acknowledgements, it can infer that there is loss of segments due to congestion and so it retransmits the segment (indicated by the position of the acknowledgement in the byte stream) without waiting for the retransmission timer expiration. This constitutes the fast retransmit algorithm.Fast recovery follows fast retransmit algorithm and in the real TCP implementations these two algorithms are usually working together. Since reception of duplicate acknowledgements is a clear sign that data is still flowing in the receiver, fast recovery alg orithm puts the sender in the congestion avoidance phase instead of the slow start phase. Therefore, if losses are not due to congestion, there will be a faster recovery of data flow without the penalty experienced by the use of slow start. However, fast recovery only works well for moderate congestion conditions.Newer algorithmsAlthough the aforementioned four algorithms offer substantial congestion control, newer techniques have emerged in the bibliography as a result of extensive research in this specific area. These new algorithms try to build upon the old methods, enhancing TCP performance and increasing the responsiveness to congestion.One limitation of normal TCP operation is that if a transmitted segment is lost but posterior segments in the same window are delivered normally, the receiver cannot send acknowledgements for these last segments. The primer coat for this is that receiver can acknowledge only contiguous bytes that it has received. Sender will be forced, once re transmission timer for the lost segment expires, to resend not only the lost segment, but all subsequent segments in the window too. This was identified as a potential case for improvement which led to the creation of the selective acknowledgments (SACK) algorithm (Jacobson and Braden, Oct. 1988). The algorithm helps to reduce the number of unnecessary retransmissions by allowing the receiver to send some feedback to the sender about the contiguous byte stream blocks it has already received. In order to take advantage of the new technique though, the two TCP endpoints must agree on using SACK upon negotiation (by using the option field of the TCP header).Two TCP original software implementations in the BSD Unix environment were named Tahoe and Reno. Tahoe includes the slow start, congestion avoidance and fast recovery algorithms whereas Reno includes all four basic algorithms described in the second section of this tutorial. NewReno is a slight change of the Reno implementation an d aims in boosting the performance during the fast retransmit and fast recovery phases. It is based on the notion of partial acknowledgements. In the case where multiple segments are dropped from a single window, sender enters fast retransmit phase and gets information about the retransmitted segments in terms of the first acknowledgment it gets. If only a single segment was dropped, then the acknowledgment will probably contain all segments previously transmitted before entering fast retransmit phase. If on the other hand, there were losses of multiple segments, the acknowledgment will be partial and will not contain all segments transmitted prior to fast retransmit phase entry. Using partial acknowledgements, fast recovery performance is enhanced as described in RFC2582. NewReno also improves round-trip and back-off timer calculations. In the literature, it is found that its main drawback is the poor performance in bursts of losses of segments within the same window (Wang and Shin , 2004).Non-TCP congestion controlThere are also some non-TCP techniques that can indirectly affect congestion control performance of TCP. These methods are not directly implemented in TCP software. The most popular technique of this kind is random Early Detection ( bolshy).In order to understand the method, one first has to consider what is called the global synchronization problem (D. Comer, 2000). Routers in the global Internet use the tail-drop policy for handling datagrams. When their input queue is full, any incoming datagram is discarded. Since datagrams are usually multiplexed in the Internet, severe problems can occur regarding congestion. Instead of dropping many segments of one TCP connection, tail-drop router policy actually causes single segment drops from many TCP connections. This, in turn, put the senders of these connections in slow start mode at almost the same time causing the global synchronization problem, which degrades performance considerably.To overcome this problem, RED (which is implemented in router software) defines two different thresholds that are associated with its inwrought queue, Tmin and Tmax. The following three rules govern the operation of REDIt the queue size is less that Tmin, add any new incoming datagrams to itIf the queue size is large that Tmax, drop any new incoming datagramsIf the queue size is between Tmin and Tmax, randomly discard incoming datagrams with the help of a probability p.The main reason for this approach is to drop datagrams as congestion increases so as to avoid a queue overflow and a subsequent transition of many TCP connections to the slow start phase. As it is obvious, success of RED algorithm is based upon careful selection of the two thresholds Tmin and Tmax along with the probability p. Tmin must ensure high network utilization whereas Tmax must take into account the TCP round trip time so that it can accommodate the increase in queue size. Usually, Tmax is at least twice large as Tmin, or o therwise the same global synchronization problem may occur. Probability p numeration is a complex task that is repeated for every new datagram. Non-linear schemes are used for this calculation in order to avoid overreacting to unawares bursts and protect TCP from unnecessary discards. These schemes usually take into account a weighted average queue size and use that size for determining the probability p. Details of RED are described in (S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, Aug. 1993). Research simulations show that RED works pretty well. It successfully handles congestion, eliminates the global synchronization problem that results from tail-drop policy seen before, and manages to allow short bursts without the need for extensive discards that could compromise TCP performance. When implemented by routers together with the TCP congestion control methods already built in the various network software implementations, it provides the necessary protection for network performance, securing its hig h utilization.ConclusionsTCP performance is essential for providing true experience to single users, enterprises and everyone connected to the global Internet. One of the biggest challenges TCP faces as years come by, is congestion control (along with security which is another hot topic for TCP and other protocols). The original TCP standards described four methods that succeeded to almost eliminate congestion. As Internet increases in size and applications are becoming bandwidth hungry, new techniques that enhance inherent limitations of the four original algorithms are introduced and general performance is kept in acceptable levels. Ongoing TCP research still focuses on congestion control and many new methods or variations are coming to fill any gaps that are gradually discovered by the ever-increasing Internet utilization.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Childrens Use of Internet

Advantages and Disadvantages of Childrens Use of InternetToday children get laid how to custom the mesh, cell band and know how to play video games. engineering is getting more advanced and children be becoming smarter. Childrens curiosity makes them insufficiency to know about eachthing, which is a exhaustively thing because this shows that children want to turn around more with modern technology because it becomes natural to learn and understand easily.Childhood is about exploring and the lucre changes the childrens learning and communication. From training How Technology Makes Kids Smarterby Julie Ann, explore has shown that children with access to computers early are more confident compared to the ones that used technology at a later age. The net profit assistances students work foreign of their school and interact with others. It is important for students to have socializing skills because it helps them be more outgoing (Ann).It is important for children to spend time with their friends and family because when they need a job, they need to learn to talk professionally, but they wont know how. The lucre can help, but its better to be opened minded and use the internet for a good cause. The internet is a fun environment, but it depends on how you use it because being smart and socialized is important as you get older.The internet offers fast communication, for example, emails, chat services and social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, and more. The networking sites offer socializing, but it shouldnt be necessary that people and children use the internet for socializing purposes only. Communicating with electronics continue to expand and it makes opportunities for the future.The internet is everywhere and everything is done online, for example, shopping or scratching information. M whatever children are offering help to the elders on how to use the internet. later on understanding how to use the internet, information on anything the y need can be found. It is easy to access information and that has made this generation smarter than the children from the previous generations(Are Social Networking Sites level-headed for Our Society?).The internet is never-ending and is available 24/7. All data are available and it is well structured to make it easy to understand, which satisfies the childs desire for acquaintance without a teacher. Research studies have shown that children who use the internet are smarter and sociable compared to those who dont use internet services.Technology has genuine gradually since the last generation. Children are encouraged to use the internet for research because they understand it better and they can find detailed information on any topic. When they figure out how to use the search likewisels on the internet, they will be able to increase their knowledge on anything they want or need. Children today sprout fast and they are smarter than the children of the same age in the last gene ration and I believe that the internet is the cause of this.Computer are the best government agency to study because they are full of information and it is convenient for students (Ann). The internet has everything the children need to know, for example, homework, tutoring, educational videos, how-to videos and instructions on things that are difficult for us. The internet has everything that children need to know for education. If children didnt understand something in class, they can look it up on Google. There are umpteen reliable sites that help children learn and prepare them for tests, for example, Khanacademy.org, which is a popular website for world-class education for anyone. At school, teachers recommend students to look over specific sites to learn from. This shows that children are becoming smarter because of the internet because the internet can help with education and to help children learn what is happening around the world. All school have a computer system that is used as a research device. The internet can reaction questions for curious children, and they can search it easily.Teachers encourage students to use reliable online sources to find information on topics. many another(prenominal) teachers also slip online lessons that students can access during any time which is a new learning tool that was non used in previous generations. There are many children who are bored in school and do not work feel sophisticated or have an inspiration. From Five Positive Effects of Technology on Education William McCoy, children who use the internet have cognitive abilities, for example, logical problem solving. The internet has information that improves childrens learning, their knowledge and also their verbal skills. Positive make technology has on education is by using it for research, globalization and being exposed to educational games. Many students replace their printed books with their laptop and download e-books, use the internet for researc h on topics they want to learn. The internetprovides knowledge, opportunities and it is a network to millions of businesses and schools. The internet has made a great effect on the youth by increasing their knowledge (McCoy).Personally I have learned a lot from the internet and gaining knowledge from the internet depends on the childs personality and the way they function. Some are sluggish and use it for sexual content while some kids would use it for learning and fun sites. It depends on the child and the parents should know their child and fix them if he/she has a problem. The children that use the internet for unimportant reasons shouldnt ruin it for others by making the parents see only the negative part of the internet.The internet has everything and it is so much easier to find information now. It is simpler to find information and it is made faster and more convenient. From reading Its fun, but does it make you smarter? by Erica Packard, she explains how the internet is use d by children every day and when researchers recorded the childrens internet use, results showed that they had higher reading test scores compared to the children who didnt use the internet. Online reading is different from traditionalistic reading by giving children impudence and being able to get help themselves. Packard explains the difference between internet and traditional academics by saying Whats unique about the Internet as compared with traditional ways of developing academic performance skills is that its more of a fun environment. Its a play tool. You can learn without any pain. Beneficial academic outcomes may just be a coincidental effect of having a good time. (Packard). This shows that you can learn a lot from using internet information.The opposing align is that children are not smarter or more socialized because of the internet. Information is out and parents worry that it is not a safe learning environment because there are blogs full of opinions and misinform ation. Instead of children doing homework on a sheet of paper, they just Google the questions for the answer. The internet is nothing but an aid for those who cannot answer questions for themselves.The internet causes laziness and it hasnt made children smarter. The Internet provides knowledge, but children are usually playing video games instead. Even though the internet provides knowledge, doesnt mean that people will use it. The internet gives children the chance to learn certain subjects that is free and easy to access, but they dont use it. Being lazy is not smart and the internet doesnt give a whole information, but basic knowledge.Children become more dependent on the internet. Being smarter is not about learning information, it is the ability to sheath different challenges in different situations, which the internet is doing the opposite because it gives children an easy way to solve their problems. Children have become dependent on it which makes them slow and mindless. Th e internet has too many distraction and time is being wasted (Bator).Children have easier access to knowledge but they are not retaining information because they feel as if it is not relevant to them. Having an easy access to get answer for any question they have leaves them lazy and lack of creativity by taking someone elses answer instead of making their own determinations.Having more information does not mean being smarter. Even though the internet has a great amount of information, it doesnt mean that the children are smarter because of it. There are a lot of opportunities to waste time and chances to learn.There are risks from socializing with strangers and criminals and the internet is responsible for changing the appearance of children, especially in the way they react and respond to their environment. Like television, the internet influences character of children.Another opposing view is that children learn depends on how they use the internet. Many children are addicted to their electronic devices than playing outside and meeting people. There are also kids hanging out with each other, but they are on their phones texting instead of talking to each other. Children also become angry if they are going through a withdrawal from technology (Woollaston).The internet is expanding and children should learn how to receipts from it. In this generation, young children already know how to use and understand the internet. It increases their learning experiences by using what were not accessible to the previous generations. Children should be encouraged to use the internet because it teaches us self-directed learning, online reading and comprehension skills. Children are smarter because of the internet and they understand it at a young age. The internet is everywhere and there is a quick adaptation to its use, for example, a two year old can take a cellphone and access the internet or get on a computer and play an online game. When technology becomes more advanc ed, children become smarter because their curiosity makes them search for information and understand topics. Developing online reading and comprehension skills is important because the internet is a part of our lives, and it will keep growing (Leu). Self-directed learning is when an individual manages their own learning activities by finding information about anything they want to learn more about online. When a student needs a lesson they learned in class clarified, they can use the internet because it has everything they need to know.

Liberalism in Early American Literature :: essays research papers

Liberalism is the foundation of America. This ideology is found in the countrys azoic fledgling literature and in the very document that made America free. Both the selected works of Phyllis Wheatley and Thomas Jefferson are actively working for the ideology of liberalism, which is a political ideology that is against any system that threatens the freedom of the individual and his natural rights and prevents the individual from becoming all the individual can be, specifically the importance of military man individuality and the freedom of humanity from subservience to some other group. The natural rights of man, in the words of John Locke, are life, liberty and property. These passages compliment each other because they are both in the support of the ideology of liberalism and support the freedom of all members of the human race. The big picture that is at stake is that the ideology of liberalism was the principle induction ideology in America and it was presence was felt in th e social context via literature. The importance of human individuality and the freedom of humanity from subservience to another group was a crucial point in the ideology of liberalism. Therefore, when liberalism is found in literature, it carries the same determining factors. In a section of the Declaration of liberty by Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson writes He has incited treasonable insurrections in our fellow-subjects, with the allurements of forfeiture and confiscation of our property. This language supports liberalism because Jefferson makes it clear that the treasonable insurrections were not caused by the people themselves but by King George III, i.e. an overbearing government and therefore it places the fellow-subjects in a subservient position. Another support of liberalism by this quote is the mentioning of the confiscation of our property which is, by federal agency of John Locke, an infringement of natural rights and therefore an infringement of human individuality. Since Jefferson is condemning these infringements, he is then supporting the opposing view, which is liberalism. Jefferson also writes He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of a distant people This statement is actively working for the ideology of liberalism by stating the lifes most sacred rights are life and liberty, which goes back to the statement by John Locke. By using the term sacred, Jefferson has created a sense of religiousness in his argument.

European Social Classes :: essays research papers

An unknown poet in the chivalric times described the deuce-ace social classes of European society of his time in this way One toils, star prays, and one defends. Let us examine these social classes, their lives and what part they contend in building their Europe.One ToilsThe common place peasants were referred to as toilers, because they held the base positions of workers (farmers, welders, herders, barbers). Their lives consisted of ever changing working assignments that were dictated by season and need by superior officials (clergy or political). Their homes were of simple design made of wood frames, which were stuffed with straw and rubber then plastered over with clay. The roof was simply thatched together. Homes of the poorer had but one room, while others consisted of two, one for eating and activities and one for sleeping. Their food was adequate if resources permitted, grown from their own backyard and meat was only consumed on special occasions because it was not pronto available. An interesting fact was that the bread that the peasants grew was highly nutritious because it contained not just wheat and rye but it was also made with barley, millet, and oats. These grains served another purpose as well, they were used to make ale. Ale was the poor mans liquor, and according to records a large sum was consumed and was responsible for a lot death tolls in medieval court records. All in all the toilers were a simple people, but in their simplicity were the foundation of European for who sewed the gifts together to clothe the superiors and who grew the food that was fed to the superiors.One PraysThis is an obvious description of the clergy of Europe. A strong example of how important religion was to Europe was and still is the Gothic Cathedral, it ascended stretched out to the heavens, typic of the peoples passion for God. The cathedral was build through the hands of eitherone in the community, some by using their architectural skills, others by dona ting the needed property for completion of the project. Sound management by the popes, along with new characteristics of religious life, made the Catholic church a forceful authority in every area of European citizens life.One DefendsThe defenders of Europe, her soldiers, ever changing the flow of their motherland. The role of solders was clear. As seen in the many battles that formed Europe.

Zambezi Valley :: essays research papers

Zambezi Valley     If the average person was asked about the Zambezi Valley, how manywould actually hire anything to say? From all the places I have been in theworld, the Zambezi Valley stands out most in my mind. The mighty Zambezi Riverforms the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia as they lie on the maps in ourlibraries. Few throng have been graced the opportunity to be in the presence ofthis majestic silver python as it carves a bearing at the crust of our earth. Thereis no better way to experience this natural wonder than by organizing anexpedition and venturing into the unknown wilderness of the "Dark Continent" formemories that will last you a lifetime. Unfortunately these days you have to doit through a Safari company that will charge you an arm and a leg for a weeklong tour, only shaving the surface and not taking you into the darkest ofAfrica of which you have read in so many adventure novels. Traveling is a verystimulating hobby, but Africa is dowery of me.     Darkness everyplacecame all as Mother Earth turned her back on the center ofour solar system. In the heart of Africa everything is sleeping, or so you bemeant to think. The ruler of that kingdom is patrolling his territory inabsolute silence. His bushy black mane casts a shadow in the pale moonlight.Eyes like those of an eagle penetrate the darkest shadows of the bush. The softgray pads of his paws tread on the game path barely leaving any evidence ofhis presence. The great beast strides graciously along before disappearing intoblack night. He will soon find either a dense thicket or some tall overawegrass swaying back and forth on the rhythm of the early morning breeze where hecan lay his giant body down and pee-pee some rest. Stars begin to fade as amysterious yellow glow takes their place in the East. The bush is coming tolife. Birds are singing their songs of joyfulness and hippos are snorting out of purepleasure for a new day has co me. This will be a day where the fight for survivaltakes over like an uncontrollable urge, nevertheless, little is known as to whoshould be feared. Should it be the predators lurking around, wanting to filltheir own stomachs, or will it be the natives searching for aliment in the land onwhich they have lived for thousands of years. Remember that this is done in aneffort to rise above the ever present poverty.