The Spread of Islam Essay - 797 Words

Islam is a major world religion. Its origin can be traced back to 610 CE in Arabia. The basis of this religion is the revelations to the prophet Mohammad. Dissatisfied with his life, he traveled to deserts, hills, and the wilderness surrounding Mecca, where he lived, to meditate and reflect. He became a new man through his revelations, which many of his followers believe Allah transmitted to him through his angel Gabriel. Islam was originally an Arab religion, but many different beliefs and practices were added to it, making it extremely popular and aiding in its rapid spread. This new religion spread to many different areas surrounding Arabia, both under Mohammad and after his death. The Muslim Empire grew to encompass Spain and†¦show more content†¦(Document 8) Mohammed offered alternatives to leaders of Christian tribes. He told them that they either had to convert to Islam or pay tribute, or money, in return for protection on the condition of the acceptance of Is lam. If they obeyed the Lord and Mohammed, then the Muslim armies would defend them. However, if the tribes opposed or displeased them, there would be a cruel, brutal war between the two groups in which children would be taken captive and the elderly would be killed. Though these attacks were viewed as cruel and merciless by the Christians, the Muslims viewed this as act of self-defense. They felt these attacks were necessary because they had to fight their enemies in the name of God and live according to the example of their prophet, Mohammed. (Documents 1, 5, and 6) The Quran offers specific instructions for its followers which pertain to conversions of others and the results of believing in the Quran or not. The Quran states that the Islamic people either do battle with those who do not believe, or they must convert to Islam. It says that whoever obeys God and His Apostle (Mohammed) shall be brought to Paradise, but those who do not believe or follow their teachings will be punished. This means that if the Muslims did not engage in these wars with the Christians and others of non-Islamic faith they would be punished. These wars were brutal and merciless. The Muslims killed everyone in sight and tookShow MoreRelatedSpread of Islam1307 Words   |  6 Pages Spread of Islam Andrew Lowery HIS 275/CA September18, 2014 Kerrin Conroy Spread of Islam Islam is not only one of the three major monotheistic religions in the world today, it is also it is the fastest growing. Additionally, political conflict between Islamic groups and the West play out on the international stage like the latest of the Crusades. The message of the Prophet Mohammad has been distorted and misunderstood by those outside of Islam who see only a religion of hatred. Islam didRead MoreThe Rise and Spread of Islam1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise and Spread of Islam The world you once knew is falling to ashes and food is become such a scarcity that people are fighting over a few pieces of bread. 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Plato And His Influences On Plato s Philosophy - 1370 Words

Plato and His Influences’ Plato and His Influences’ Plato was a philosopher of ancient Greek in Athens, Greece who was born in 427bce and die in 347, both of his parents are from Greek aristocracy. He is the founder of the Academy, the first institution in the Western world and best known for his works of unparalleled influence. Plato is considered to have laid the foundation of Western philosophy and science. He was a teacher of Aristotle, his most famous student and Plato was influenced by many philosophers, named Socrates, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, although he was a student of Socrates. Each philosopher had their own impact on Platonic ideas or theory. Heraclitus influenced†¦show more content†¦He was well known for the western philosophy development. One major belief is his theory of the Forms, the Forms was divided between the intelligible world and the visible world. The intelligible world is at the top of the form list, it is divided into reason/knowledge and concepts/understanding. Whereas, the visible world was at the bottom half and is divided into objects/beliefs and images/opinion. Everything that is above the line is more real and true than everything under the line. Plato thinks â€Å"that the world of ideas is the only constant and the perceived world through our senses is deceptive and changeable†. He also traveled to many places teaching rhetoric . Rhetoric is the form of persuasion use of speech or to convince people of things. There is no part of the world that was not influenced by the thinking of Plato like his hometown of Athens, the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic world, and Europe with the Romantic era and Renaissance. The impact Plato had in Athens was his philosophical school, which he founded in the grove of the Greek hero Academus. At the Academy was the center and inspiration for most of his writings including his dialogues. The school flourished for nearly three centuries following his death, but was destroyed by the Roman general in 86 B.C., (History.com Staff,2009). This led for his teaching to move to the eastern part of the Mediterranean with the Byzantine Empire and the Islamic world.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Philosophy : Al Farabi1684 Words   |  7 Pagesis credited with preserving the original Greek texts during the Middle Ages because of his commentaries and treaties, and influencing many prominent philosophers, like Ibn Sina. Through his works, he became well known in the East as well as the West. Al Farabi’s philosophy was heavily influenced by Greek philosophy just like how western philosophy was influenced by Greek philosophy. Specifically, Aristotle, Plato, and Socrates were the main Greek influencers of Al Farabi. Al Farabi as well as Ibn SinaRead MoreStudent Teacher1669 Words   |  7 PagesThe relationship that a teacher and student share is of trust, respect and devotion. 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Interest Theory and what of the Role of Regulators

Question: Discuss about the Interest Theory and what of the Role of Regulators. Answer: Introduction: The environment, ecosystem on the earth and the biodiversity is directly and indirectly impacted by the operations of the organization. In the given case study, the operational process of the mining firm named British Petroleum Limited has been discussed. It is clearly depicted in the case study that the firm is directly causing and damaging the ecosystem. There are three issues concerning the British petroleum on the basis of the case study. The entire marine ecosystem is entirely affected by the oil spill and secondly there is an obstruction in identifying the restoration expense. This is mainly due to the lack of the doctoral process of the firm. The third and the last issue faced by the organization is that there is lack of incorporation in the services of the ecosystem in the procedure of managing the risks of the firm (Al-Htaybat et al. 2013). The report is prepared for the assessment of the harmful impacts on the ecosystem and environment of the BHP Billiton. Report objective: There is incapability on part of BHP Billiton in the identification of the restoration expense as per the case study. As a result of this, the organization is measuring the harms caused to the ecosystem and biodiversity due to its operations using the monetary value. However, it is facing difficulty in measuring the social damage caused as it does not take account of the ecological loss and wealth as an important factor. For calculating the valuation of the damage caused by the oil spills, it is required by the company to have huge attention. This is so because oil spills are regarded as the non-marketed goods. British government has made BHP Billiton liable for bearing the expenditures and the cost of cleaning up the damage that resulted from the oil spills (Baker and Burlaud 2015). Nevertheless, it was not clearly portrayed by the British Petroleum about the harms that is caused to the social and ecological wealth (Groot and Selto 2013). In light of the above mentioned facts taken from the case study, the objective of the report is to make the organization well acquainted about the damages it caused to the social and ecological wealth because of oil spills. Issues identified and their importance: There are three issues identified and discussed in detailed and they are as follows: Obstruction in the process of identifying the restoration expense due to the lack of dictatorial framework of the government. Oil spill impact on the entire marine ecosystem Lacking of the biodiversity and the incorporation of the ecosystem in the procedures of managing the risk of the organization. Research methodologies: Researchers can discuss the above mentioned issues in details by collecting the various data and the required information from the secondary and the primary sources. In conducting the primary research, the research has to collect the data directly from the field of enquiry that is telephonic interview or the face-to-face questionings (Baxter 2014). The questionnaire forms the basis of the qualitative interview and there can also be the qualitative analysis provided by other means. Assumptions and constraints: While conducting the research, the researchers can gather the information from the perception of the residents and the locality in the area of the operations of the BHP Billiton. Information can also be collected from the BHP Billiton employees by performing the survey and conducting the feedback. Few constraints would also be faced by the researcher in carrying out the research. This would include the process of collection and irrelevant data provided by the employees, which may not be the representative. Participation in the survey conducted by the researcher, the employees might also face the dilemma. Discussion: Effect of the oil spill on the entire marine system: Oil spill is the man made damage that hamper the environment and is regarded as one kind of pollution. Incidental and accidental are the two types of the oil spill damage that can occur. Accidental spills are caused accidentally and on the other hand, the incidental spills are those which occur due to ignorance and it is due to the carelessness, ignorance and negligence. Oil spills are considered as overwhelming because of its direct influence of the ecosystem of the marine life system. Therefore, it is liable on the part of the BHP Billiton to bear the expenses concerning the cleaning up of the water. However, the firm is not willing to disclose the damage caused to the environment and the ecosystem because of their own fault. Becker et al. (2014) stated that the damage caused to the loss of the oil spills faced with the difficulty in quantifying. In the case study presented, the organization is valuing the loss cased in terms of money and value. Moreover, this valuation also does n ot reveal the exact damage caused to the environment. The various issues faced by the organization is mainly due to the fact that there is no perfect basis of measurement for valuing the loss or the damage caused to the services and the goods due to spill. Procedure for managing the risks of BHP Billiton lacks incorporation of ecosystem: The shareholders trustworthiness of the shareholders is reflected in the ethical standard and the morale of the British Petroleum. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the organization to be liable for preserving the social and ecological wealth of the environment and ecosystem. In addition to this, the environmental reporting and the standards of accounting should be incorporated into the business activities of the corporations. This would help them in making the responsible reporting towards the stakeholders. The association among the employees, corporate system, ecosystem and environment is impended by customizing the standards of environmental accounting (Penman 2013). The preparation of the standard of the environmental accounting is regarded as a crucial factor because the operations of the various business activities has the negative impact on the environment. In order for the business to run successfully and continuously, environmental accounting standards should be incorpo rated within the reporting of the various business activities. Issues in identification of the restoration expense: With the help of process of political bargaining, the penalties scale of the most of the petroleum companies are cracked for the damaging of the social and ecological wealth. However. The process is not regarded as accurate. For the evaluation of the related risk, it is mandatory by the organization according to the process oriented structure. In addition to this, this particular process also helps in alleviating the obstacles in a perfect manner. There is a need for the specified approach to shift to the procedures from the regulators. Main reason attributable to the oil spill by the BHP Billiton Limited is the failure of the dictatorial agency in order to serve the account of the ecosystem in detail. The crucial factor in judging the effort for scaling up the procedures of the restoration of the economic and ecological properties is revealed by the data (Quinn 2014). These are shortly impaired. Identification of the expense concerning restoration is damaged due to the lack of the d ictatorial firm. Therefore, there is a need for incorporation of the procedure oriented structure. Methodology Procedures: Research process will get incorporated into the primary and the secondary methodologies. The data from the employees will be collected by distributing the questionnaires among the participants that is the employees of the British Petroleum and the localities of the Gulf. When collecting the secondary research, the information will be collected from the secondary source that is journals, articles and websites of the firm (Craig and Michaela 2014). Size of sample: In conducting the research, a fixed sample size of 120 inhabitants of the Gulf localities sand residents and 60 staffs of Employees of British petroleum are selected randomly. This would help in the perfect and easier computation of the analysis. Selection criteria: The analysis of the research questions of the study conducted, simple technique of random sampling is considered by the researcher. Under the study conducted here, the researcher has highlighted the probability sampling technique in order to carry to the research. Analysis of data: Oil spill impact on the ecosystem: On the basis of the information gathered from the employees of the British petroleum, it has been depicted that there are various types of oil spills that is caused by the operating activities of the business. Figure 1: Different types of oil spills (Source: Baxter 2014) As depicted by the chart above, there are various types of the oil spills caused by the operations of the different organization. The chart also depicts the percentage. The impact of the oil spill on the environment can be understood in a better way using this. Managing the risk of the BHP Billiton: The accidental spills occurring in the ocean is due to the lack of the services of the ecosystem that helps in the risk management. It can be represented by the following chart. Figure 2: Major Accidental Oil Spills (Source: Rogers and Van 2013) It has been found from the data gathered from the inhabitants of the Gulf residents that the moratorium of deep water is chiefly influenced by the oil spills (Dyckman and Zeff 2015). The following graphs depicts the rating of the other influences of the oil spills. Figure 3: Oil spills influence: (Source: Hahn and Khnen 2013) Restoration expense identification: Based on the oil demand and the data gathered from the employees of the BHP Billiton Limited, it is depicted by the graph the rise in the supply of oil. Figure 4: Supply and demand of oil: (Source: Beams et al. 2015) It has been depicted from the information gathered from the employees of the staffs the various process solves the level of damaging the ecological and social. This is implemented by the process of collective bargaining. Restoration expense is identified by the pie charts that depicts the lack of dictatorial frame of the organization. Figure 5: Lack of Dictatorial Frame (Source: Van Mourik 2014) Accuracy of data: The study has been performed by gathering the accurate data from the primary and the secondary resources. Researcher has also used the collected information for the rationale. Information collected and the data gathered will not be used by the researcher. Participants can place their trust on the researcher and their individual belief would not be revealed. Recommendation: It is recommended for the BHP Billiton Limited to incorporate and adopt the accounting standards in its environmental reporting. Organization also needs to revise its standards of sustainability reporting so that several measures are taken to preserve the biodiversity. Considering the oil spills, it should also take remedial measures for biodiversity protection. Conclusion: From the above detailed discussion and analysis of the oil spill damages caused by the BHP Billiton and the reportings of the accounting , it can be concluded that the organization needs to be prepared for facing and bearing the loss caused by the damages. The incidental oil spills of the organization has the negative influence on the social and ecological wealth and it has also been due to the negligence of staffs. In addition to this, it is also concluded that amount of fines paid by the firm to the government are not satisfied or compensating the loss made by the organization to the environment. Reference: Al-Htaybat, K. and von Alberti-Alhtaybat, L., 2013. Management Accounting Theory Revisited: Seeking to Increase Research Relevance.International Journal of Business and Management,8(18), p.12. Baker, C.R. and Burlaud, A., 2015. The historical evolution from accounting theory to conceptual framework in financial standards setting.The CPA Journal,85(8), p.54. Baxter, W.T., 2014.Accounting theory. Routledge. Beams, F.A., Anthony, J.H., Bettinghaus, B. and Smith, K., 2015.Beams: Advanced Accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Craig, D. and Michaela, R., 2014. Financial accounting theory. Dyckman, T.R. and Zeff, S.A., 2015. Accounting Research: Past, Present, and Future.Abacus,51(4), pp.511-524. Gow, I.D., Larcker, D.F. and Reiss, P.C., 2016. Causal inference in accounting research.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.477-523. Groot, T. and Selto, F., 2013.Advanced management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Hahn, R. and Khnen, M., 2013. Determinants of sustainability reporting: a review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research.Journal of Cleaner Production,59, pp.5-21. Kaplan, R.S. and Atkinson, A.A., 2015.Advanced management accounting. PHI Learning. Miihkinen, A., 2014. The Routledge Companion to Accounting, Reporting and Regulation.Accounting in Europe,11(2), pp.273-277. Penman, S., 2013. Accounting standard setting: Thoughts on developing a conceptual framework.China Journal of Accounting Studies,1(3-4), pp.157-167. Penman, S., 2015. Valuation models: An issue of accounting theory. Quinn Jr, E., 2014. The Evolution of Accounting Theory in Response to Market Changes.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,4(10), p.509. Rogers, J.L. and Van Buskirk, A., 2013. Bundled forecasts in empirical accounting research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), pp.43-65. Van Mourik, C., 2014. Fundamental issues in financial accounting and reporting theory. Routledge.

Life in Silence free essay sample

Nothing in the room moved. I looked up, stared at my friends, and looked back down at my knees. In a matter of seconds something in the room had changed. We had gone from laughing and joking to sitting in complete and utter silence. I looked up again. A quick furtive glance and then it was back to my knees. Two of my friends sat talking quietly to each other. They stopped, paused, and with surprising ease, broke the silence with â€Å"Hey, take my iPod. I really want to hear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but were cut off before the end of the sentence. The response that bounced back was â€Å"Shhh, I want to hear the rest of this song first.† Song? I thought to myself. What song? The silence that draped over us was music, but how could it be? All it was was, well, silence. For a short time no one moved again. We will write a custom essay sample on Life in Silence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And then the room’s atmosphere changed and swirled around me once again. Someone mindlessly grabbed the cord hanging from the stereo, plugged in their mp3 player, and pushed play. Secluded in the silence of my thoughts, I made myself comfortable on couch I was sitting on, leaned back, and started to think. I thought back to when I used to play the cello and asked my instructor why there were rest notes in the piece were learning. At the time, only the first half of her response resonated with me. She told me rest notes were there so I could take a break and then jump back into the music. That made sense to me. My fingers were tired and I could have used a break. But she was not finished talking. She went on to tell me that the silence was just as musical as the rest of the piece. She told me that I should play the rest notes with as much energy and vigor as I would any other note. At the time, I shrugged off her words as I pushed my eight-year-old frame as far away from my cello as my seat would allow me. I had forgotten my conversation with my cello instructor until that moment and, once I remembered, was mystified. The song we were listening to, which I later found out was entitled â€Å"Two Minutes of Silence,† had been comprised entirely of notes. John Lennon had made a conscious choice to eliminate all sound from the piece of music. He was making a point. Too often my life has been filled silence with unnecessary sound. Given the commotion and bustle of daily life, there are times in which I forget to slow down and think. We must rest but we must not cease thinking. As I leaned back in my seat on the couch, I learned to sit back and start to rationalize the flurry of notes that came before. It is during these moments that thoughts crystallize and become clear.

Questions you most wanted to ask about tree planting and need immediately

Questions you most wanted to ask about tree planting and need immediately Planting a tree can have tremendous influences on communities. Tree planting improves our environment. Planting a tree can add to our incomes and decrease energy costs. To plant a tree can enhance our quality of life and improve our health. I cant think of many things that touch us so completely as does planting a tree. My point is, we need trees to be planted! Q: How do you plant a seedling or sapling?A: There are actually two major methods of tree planting. One is planting a tree with an intact root ball. The trees can either be bound by fabric and string or potted in a plastic container. These trees are designed to plant...read more. Q: When is the season for planting trees?A: Bare-root tree planting is done during dormant winter months, most often after December 15th but before March 31st. Q: Do I really need to mulch my new tree?A: New seedlings and saplings need plenty of moisture. Lack of water is the main cause of severe stress to newly planted trees. Mulch is a trees best friend. Q: How do I know I am ready to plant a tree?A: Are you prepared to plant and rear a healthy tree? Take this tree wellness quiz to see just how prepared you are to successfully raise a healthy tree...read more. Q: Where can I buy trees to plant?A: Trees can be purchased in most states at private, industry and government nurseries. You need to check with your state forester for specific sources suited for your planting area...read more. Q: Where can I buy tree planting equipment?A: Before you begin a big planting job you need to purchase the right planting equipment. Using proper equipment correctly will insure proper planting and will be easier on the planter...read more. Q: Where should you plant a seedling or sapling?A:Use common sense when planting a tree. If the tree is expected to grow tall or expand widely give it the room it needs for future growth. Understanding species moisture, light and soil needs is extremely important. Q: What are root balled tree saplings?A:Root balled saplings are usually older than two to three year-old seedlings and are dug from commercial or government nursery plots. They are delivered individually with roots covered by an earth ball enclosing. Q: What are bare-root tree seedlings?A: Bare-root seedlings are usually two to three-year-old trees and lifted from commercial or government nursery beds. They are delivered in bulk with roots covered in only a very moist medium or slurry. Q: How many trees are planted in the United States?A: Hundreds of nurseries in the United States grow over 1.5 billion trees annually, which reforests nearly three million acres. This number represents over six trees.

Definition of Corruption Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Definition of Corruption - Literature review Example Such public servants take bribes before offering services to the large population that needs attention from them. The practice is high in government offices that deal with the processing of documents and public hospitals. Grand corruption This form of corruption is rampant in the highest ranks of the government. It is mostly perpetuated by high-ranking officials and is highly visible in authoritarian and dictatorial government settings. However, emerging democracies have embraced the division of labor in the government thus trying to combat the vice. The executive, judiciary and the legislature are therefore allowed to operate independently from each other. Systemic corruption This occurs where there is a widespread of corruption activities in the society mainly caused by weaknesses of an organization or governance process. It is encouraged by low pay in organizations, lack of honesty, impunity, monopolistic governance, discretional powers, and conflicting incentives. It includes ext ortion, embezzlement, and bribery of public officials. In this occurrence, corruption becomes a necessity for survival. The spread of corruption Corruption is widespread in society. It has corroded every aspect of our society ranging from government institutions to private institutions. Joseph in the book political corruption describes all institutions as being corrupt from the core (42). Right from childhood, children become corrupt because of the examples they see from the older generations. Hence, corruption can be said to be a deep-rooted problem in the society Philosophical issues related to corruption Corruption is a social problem in the world today. Due to corruption, innocent people suffer at the expense of corrupt leaders. Corruption has led to the following: Increase in poverty in the society Corruption is a game of survival for the fittest. The corrupt individuals are able to increase their income and safeguard their wealth as compared to middle class individuals. This h as led to increase in the gap between the rich and the poor. In countries where corruption is widespread, the level of economic development is very slow because funds that could have been used in the developments are lost. Hence, such countries remain poor. Lack of good health care and education In most of the developing countries, corruption has led to the under-utilization of government funds. Such funds could have assisted in the provision of health care. Most public hospitals are therefore left without medicines and qualified doctors. economic

To what degree is Evolutionary Psychology successful in providing Essay

To what degree is Evolutionary Psychology successful in providing reductive explanations of human behaviour - Essay Example Jealous rages, for instance can easily be justified as a means to protect reproductive access and ensure that your own resources only go to your own offspring; protecting your own investment. (Buss, 2000), (Downes, 2001) Many anti-social behaviors can be justified in the interest of mere individial prosperity in a world of nature 'red in tooth and claw' as it were. Base survival for one organism is not sufficient for long-term evolutionary success. Those that most influence future generations genetically would then exhibit behavioral mechanisms that encourage efficient transmission of their genes, and maximize survival of offspring; which often means, in a context of limited resources hostility against one's own kind.Extremes of this behavior can be found in species ranging from polar bears to mice, where death of newborns at the hands of competing males is instinctual, so that one's own offspring have priority access to the resources of survival. (Derocher, et al. 1999) But in contr ast, any discussion of evolutionary psychology and its reductionary behavioral 2 implications would of course be incomplete without a discussion concerning altruism. Altruistic behaviors can find many justifications for communal species, including herd/flock animals and social insects. Assisting in the survival of the group will help one's fellows to survive; should that trait become established in the population it will foster a social structure that permits the survival of more members. Should multiple instances of a social-altruist trait become extant in the population, each instance should create a compounded likelihood of preserving itself. But that is the difficulty; getting multiple instances of that trait at the same time. In the long-run, the premise of advantage via co-survival appears supportable. But one must ask the question, if a wildebeast evolves with a strong instinct to protect others of its herd, that trait might not become extant in the population because such an organism would logically protect other members regardless of whether they share his altrusitic feelings; thereby a gene that triggers that behavior could also be beneficial to organisms which lack that gene. Which would seem to work against its own self-perpetuation. In large populations that lack altruism that outcome seems much more probable, that the lonely, good-samaritan organism must help his uncaring fellows, while at the same time still competing with them for food and mates. It may benefit the herd, but will be a detriment to that individual. It is easy then, to understand herd-animals that do not necessarily respond with any altrusitic tendencies that would put themselves at risk. Yes, swimming in a school makes it more difficult for a shark to focus on a single fish; but no member of that school will put itself at risk to try and coax a fellow out of a hazard, or confront a predator. When the lion approaches, all gazelles will run, although, if they were each to attack i n mass, it is probable they could kill a single lion; yet there would be no individual advantage for the gazelle that first manifests genes encouraging that trait. He would most likely become the one that was eaten before he could reproductively spread his valor to the rest of the population. What is needed then, in that case is a